This the first of two new tables introduced with postfix-2.12-20140618. Wietse
The "random" lookup table performs random selection. This may be used to implement load balancing, for example: /etc/postfix/transport: # Deliver my own domain as usual. example.com : .example.com : /etc/postfix/main.cf: transport_maps = # Deliver my own domain as usual. hash:/etc/postfix/transport # Deliver other domains via randomly-selected relayhosts random:!smtp:smtp0.example.com!smtp:smtp1.example.com A variant of this can randomly select SMTP clients with different smtp_bind_address settings. The ASCII character after "random:" will be used as the separator between the results that follow (do not use space, ",", ":" or non-ASCII). Some future version may support the form random:/path/to/file, to load the list of random values, one per line, from a textfile. To implement different weights, specify lookup results multiple times. For example, to choose smtp:smtp1.example.com twice as often as smtp:smtp0.example.com, specify smtp:smtp1.example.com twice.