BuzzSaw Code via Postfix-users:
> I've read the Postfix documentation trying to understand what the logs
> are telling me, but this may still be a dumb question, so apologies in
> advance.
> 
> Another mail server within our own organization  sends periodic
> messages to us, and in the logs for those emails I see this:
> 
> 2025-05-30T12:52:11.432101+00:00 smtp1 postfix/cleanup[423978]:
> 406876023D: message-id=<>
> 
> Does that mean the other system is sending me an email that lacks a
> Message-ID header ?

It means there was no message ID, or a malformed Message-ID header
with the value <>. You could match the latter with header_checks.

> If so, is that something I should tell their system administrator to
> fix or is Message-ID optional ?

According to RFC 5322, the Message-ID SHOULD be present. It does
not say MUST. See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.6

        Wietse
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