I've run into this problem at more than one high volume postfix site,
on different versions of RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, and different versions of
postfix (all of them 2.2 or higher), and the one common factor is yahoo.

So I wonder if any of you administer high volume postfix sites and
have run into the same problem, and if you've found any workarounds.

What happens is that messages to yahoo.com build up in the active
queue, and in some cases fill it up (even if we increase the active
queue by a lot, if the mailing is big enough).  Messages to yahoo are
delivered more slowly than messages to gmail, hotmail, comcast, and
other prominent ISPs, and it's always yahoo that clogs up the active
queue.  Usually, messages to yahoo are still being delivered hours
after the rest of a large mailing has completed (except deferred
messages).

One symptom is that yahoo messages are generally not deferred, so in
a setup with multiple first-pass MTAs and a fallback relay, they yahoo
messages build up on the first-pass MTAs, not the fallback relay.

Yes, on some occasions yahoo seems to be deliberately rate-limiting,
issuing 421 or 451 deferrals with codes to check on their web site.
I've dealt with that several ways, but that's a different issue.  This
problem I'm describing happens even when 90%+ of postfix log entries
with the string "yahoo.com" are of the status=sent variety.

I've tried futzing with the connection cache reuse limit, the smtpd
concurrency limit, active queue sizes, and some other things, but
haven't found a good solution yet.

It's always Yahoo.  And, as I say, I've seen this at more than one site.

Any ideas?
  -- Cos

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