I happened to notice these entries in a log file on a buildfarm member [1]:
2025-03-12 15:39:53.265 UTC [7296] WARNING: found incorrect redo LSN 0/159FB60 (expected 0/40000028) 2025-03-12 15:39:53.265 UTC [7296] LOG: corrupted statistics file "pg_stat/pgstat.stat" (this is near the end of the pg_upgrade_server.log log file). I don't think these are related to that run's subsequent test failure, which looks to be good old Windows randomness. I then looked into the logs of a local BF instance that also runs xversion-upgrade tests, and darned if I didn't find 2025-03-12 14:59:15.792 EDT [2216647] LOG: database system was shut down at 2025-03-12 14:59:13 EDT 2025-03-12 14:59:15.794 EDT [2216647] WARNING: found incorrect redo LSN 0/46F73F18 (expected 0/47000028) 2025-03-12 14:59:15.794 EDT [2216647] LOG: corrupted statistics file "pg_stat/pgstat.stat" 2025-03-12 14:59:15.795 EDT [2216644] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections despite that run having completed with no report of trouble. So this may have been going on for quite some time without our noticing. The "corrupted statistics file" whine is most likely caused by pg_upgrade copying the old system's pgstat.stat file into the new installation --- is that a good idea? I have no idea what's causing the redo LSN complaint, but it seems like that might deserve closer investigation. regards, tom lane [1] https://buildfarm.postgresql.org/cgi-bin/show_log.pl?nm=drongo&dt=2025-03-12%2012%3A48%3A39