This is a significant revision of /etc/init.d/mdadm.  It adds new
features, support for new configuration options, safer error
handling, (configurable) verbose output, and contains multiple bug
fixes.

Most notably, mdadm was being started with the --config flag and
that prevented it from using its built in Auto Assembly features.
Users were required to put a correct uuid in /etc/config/mdadm.
Configuring arrays is not for the feint of heart.

The previous /etc/config/mdadm options left uncommented, that prevented
mdadm from starting successfully, were corrected and the default startup
mode is now to automatically assemble all RAID arrays attached to the
machine using device scans rather than configuation options and a
persistent state file.

A new UCI section, config mdadm global, was added with new options that are
supported by the accompanying /etc/init.d/mdadm. Documentation for all
new (and previous) options was added as well.  See the
/etc/config/mdadmin or mdadm.init file itself for more details.

Additionally, a new stateful 'auto' feature was added that functions
similarly to the stateless Auto Assembly feature.  The benefits of
stateful auto assembly are to support features that mdadm 4.0 will only
read from a configuration file, such as setting the MAILFROM value.  The
new mdadm_conf_auto() function will also greatly aid users in
troubleshooting.  When verbose is turned on it provides tips, better
visibility for what's actually happening, and sets the stage for
moderately advanced users to take more control over their RAIDs.

Stateful UCI only configurations are still supported and will still work.
All previously existing configurations will work in this mode.  However,
these users will now have to explicitly turn it on.  Documentation is
provided in the new mdadm.config file.  I'd expect very few regressions.
Anyone using the old init had to be an expert.  The mdadm 4.0-5 package
doesn't function out of the box.  For more detail about these parts,
see FS2043 here https://bugs.openwrt.org/

A new reload_service() function was added to prevent reloads from
stopping mdadm.  That caused issues when filesystems were mounted.
Reloads will now be ignored, though the stage is set for reloads to
trigger scans for new devices.  Explicit restarts still work as expected.

The start_service() function was enhanced to query new UCI mdadm.global
options: alert_program, config, email, email_from, monitor_frequency,
and verbose.  Each is documented in /etc/mdadm/config (config.init) and
some additional code comments were added.  As well, error handling and
verbose output was greatly enhanced.  It's not going to do anything
without users knowing what's going on (if verbose is turned on).
Backward compatibility was retained.  Strict reliance on a shell global
($CONF) was removed and replaced with a single global ($TMP_FILE) that's
for development convenience.  When/if a config file is not specified in
the UCI config, it will fall back to using $TMP_FILE as the
configuration file.

Incremented PKG_RELEASE from 5 to 6

For more details, see: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/1713/

Signed-off-by: Joseph Tingiris <joseph.tingi...@gmail.com>
---
 package/utils/mdadm/Makefile           |   2 +-
 package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.config | 162 ++++++++++-
 package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.init   | 491 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 615 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/package/utils/mdadm/Makefile b/package/utils/mdadm/Makefile
index ba74997..3fabc8a 100644
--- a/package/utils/mdadm/Makefile
+++ b/package/utils/mdadm/Makefile
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
 
 PKG_NAME:=mdadm
 PKG_VERSION:=4.0
-PKG_RELEASE:=5
+PKG_RELEASE:=6
 
 PKG_SOURCE:=$(PKG_NAME)-$(PKG_VERSION).tar.xz
 PKG_SOURCE_URL:=@KERNEL/linux/utils/raid/mdadm
diff --git a/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.config 
b/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.config
index 50afbc2..88e0bb9 100644
--- a/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.config
+++ b/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.config
@@ -1,18 +1,154 @@
-config mdadm
+#
+# The mdadm 'global' section is for options that apply to all sections.
+#
+
+config mdadm global
+
+       #
+       # option 'alert_program' values may be a path to a valid, executable 
binary.
+       #
+       # The default 'alert_program' is not set.
+       #
+       # When mdadm detects an event it will execute this program with 3 
arguments, see mdadm(8)
+       # $1 = will be the event
+       # $2 = will be the meta device
+       # $3 = may be a related component (if one exists)
+       #
+       # * alert_program runs independently from sendmail.
+       # * If both options alert_program and email are set, and both work, 
then an email and a
+       #   custom alert will be generated.
+       # * no alert program is included in mdadm 4.0-4.
+       #
+       # Lots of possibilities exist, i.e. scripts for netdata, slack, etc.
+       #
+       #option alert_program /usr/sbin/mdadm_alerts
+
+
+       #
+       # option 'config' values may be one of the following.
+       #
+       # The default 'config' is none (stateless auto assembly).
+       #
+       # auto          - stateful, dynamically generated mdadm.conf via block 
info,
+       #                 stored in /var/etc/mdadm.conf
+       # containers    - stateless, mdadm --assemble --scan 
--config=containers; see mdadm(8)
+       # none          - stateless, mdadm --assemble --scan --config=none; aka 
'Auto Assembly',
+       #                 see mdadm(8)
+       # partition     - stateless, mdadm --assemble --scan 
--config=partition; see mdadm(8)
+       # uci           - stateful, dynamically generated mdadm.conf via uci 
array values (below),
+       #                 stored in /var/etc/mdadm.conf
+       # </file>       - stateful, manually generated mdadm.conf file(s),
+       #                 <file> must be preceded by a / and may be a readable 
filename
+       #                 or directory with .conf files
+       #
+       # Try uncommenting this and using 'auto' if there are issues.  It 
provides more comprehensive
+       # diagnostics via verbose messages & the ability to set an email from 
address.
+       #
+       #option config auto
+
+
+       #
+       # option 'email' values may be a valid (to) email address, or empty.
+       #
+       # The default 'email' to send to is root (monitor email will be sent to 
the local root user).
+       #
+       # * Sending mail will only work if /usr/lib/sendmail or 
/usr/sbin/sendmail is available. Install postfix.
+       # * Comment, or unset, the email value causes mail to be disabled.  
With no email value, mdadm wont even try.
+       # * A single word name must be a valid user on the system, or it will 
bounce back to root.
+       #   Unless user 'mdadm' exists (it doesn't by default), this will 
bounce:
+       #   option email mdadm
+       # * A full email address does not need quoting and will deliver if tcp 
port 25 (SMTP) is allowed outbound, i.e.
+       #   option email joseph.tingi...@gmail.com
+       # * mdadm only supports one email address (MAILADDR) for all arrays. 
see mdadm.conf(5)
+       #
+       # mail will be to 'root@$HOSTNAME', i.e. root@OpenWrt
+       #
        option email root
-       # list devices /dev/hd*
-       # list devices /dev/sd*
-       # list devices partitions
 
-config array
-       option uuid 52c5c44a:d2162820:f75d3464:799750f8
-       option device /dev/md0
-       # option name raid:0
-       # option super_minor 0
-       # list devices /dev/sda1
-       # list devices /dev/sdb1
-       # option spares 0
-       # option spare_group spares
+
+       #
+       # option 'email_from' values may be a valid (from) email address, or 
empty.
+       #
+       # The default 'email_from' is 'OpenWrt RAID Monitoring 
<mdadm@$HOSTNAME>', i.e. mdadm@OpenWrt
+       #
+       # * Sending mail will only work if /usr/lib/sendmail or 
/usr/sbin/sendmail is available. Install postfix.
+       # * Comment, or unset, the email_from value causes mdadm to send mail 
from
+       #   root@$HOSTNAME, e.g. root@OpenWrt
+       # * A complete from envelope can be specified within quotes, i.e.
+       #   option email_from 'mdadm monitoring <this_is_not_s...@example.com>'
+       # * mdadm only supports setting a from address (MAILFROM) with a 
stateful config,
+       #   e.g. 'auto' or 'uci'. see mdadm.conf(5)
+       #
+       # mail will be from 'OpenWrt RAID Monitoring <mdadm@$HOSTNAME>', i.e. 
mdadm@OpenWrt
+       #
+       option email_from 'OpenWrt RAID Monitoring <mdadm>'
+
+
+       #
+       # option 'monitor_frequency' values may be a valid integer, or empty.
+       #
+       # The default monitor frequency (delayed poll) is 120 seconds.
+       #
+       # * This is the polling interval, frequency, or delay.  It's the value 
for mdadm --delay.  see mdadm(8)
+       #
+       option monitor_frequency 300
+
+       #
+       # option 'verbose' values may be '1', 'on', or 'true', everything else 
is false.
+       #
+       # The default verbosity is false (quiet).
+       #
+       # * Standard errors will be sent to console and syslog regardless of 
this setting.
+       # * When verbose is false mdadm will run in --quiet mode and generate 
very little log
+       #   or standard output.
+       #
+       # Turn this on if you're having problems, or want more detail.  With 
SSH_TTY set output will
+       # be to that TTY, otherwise it will go to syslog via logger.
+       #
+       #option verbose on
+
+
+#
+# The mdadm 'array' section(s) are for stateful, manual configurations. 
Experts only.  Use with caution.
+#
+#
+# The use of multiple 'array' sections is supported by /etc/init.d/mdadm.
+# They must all be named 'array'.
+#
+# As of this writing unnamed 'mdadm' sections are still allowed, but 
deprecated. Do not use.
+#
+
+#config array
+       #
+       # example 'array' options may be a valid mix of:
+       #
+       # bitmap
+       # container
+       # device
+       # devices
+       # member
+       # name
+       # spare_group
+       # spares
+       # super_minor
+       # uuid
+       #
        # option bitmap /bitmap.md
        # option container 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000
+       # option device /dev/md0
+       # -and/or a devices list-
+       # list devices /dev/hd* # mdadm allows glob, see glob(7)
+       # list devices /dev/sd*
+       # list devices /dev/sda1
+       # list devices /dev/sdb1
+       # list devices containers
+       # list devices partitions
        # option member 1
+       # option name raid:0
+       # option spare_group spares
+       # option spares 0
+       # option super_minor 0
+       # use uuid from block info (preferred), or mdadm --misc --detail 
/dev/md0
+       # option uuid 2084de11-70c4-4521-8f95-6113e75f1fe9
+       #
+       # These options directly translate to mdadm -- options, see man mdadm(8)
diff --git a/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.init 
b/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.init
index 64a50b3..5453f7d 100644
--- a/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.init
+++ b/package/utils/mdadm/files/mdadm.init
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 #!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common
 
-START=13
-STOP=98
+# 20190106, joseph.tingi...@gmail.com, significant revision; new features,
+#                                      safer error handling, code formatting,
+#                                      & multiple bug fixes
+
+START=12
+STOP=X99 # X99? seems to work; passed service enable/disable tests & boot tests
 
 USE_PROCD=1
 PROG=/sbin/mdadm
 NAME=mdadm
 
-CONF="/var/etc/mdadm.conf"
+VERBOSE=0 # off
+
+TMP_FILE="/var/etc/mdadm.conf" # /var/etc is on /tmp; used for temporary 
state, to enable stateful only mdadm features
+
+[ ! -x "$PROG" ] && exit 1
 
 append_list_item() {
        append "$2" "$1" "$3"
@@ -30,30 +38,165 @@ append_option() {
        [ -n "$str" ] && append "$var" $(printf "%s=%s" "${name:-${opt//_/-}}" 
"$str")
 }
 
-mdadm_common() {
-       local cfg="$1"
-       local email devices
+verbose() {
+       local msg="$1"
+       local level="$2"
 
-       if [ -x /usr/sbin/sendmail ]; then
-               config_get email "$cfg" email
-               [ -n "$email" ] && printf "MAILADDR %s\n" "$email" >> $CONF
+       [ -z "$level" ] && level="INFO"
+
+       if [ "$VERBOSE" == "1" ]; then
+               if [ ${#SSH_TTY} -gt 0 ]; then
+                       printf "$NAME: init %7s - %b\n" "$level" "$msg"
+               else
+                       # no SSH_TTY goes to logger
+                       printf "$NAME: init %7s - %b\n" "$level" "$msg" | 
logger -t mdadm
+               fi
        fi
+}
 
-       config_list_foreach "$cfg" devices append_list_item devices " "
-       [ -n "$devices" ] && printf "DEVICE %s\n" "$devices" >> $CONF
+mdadm_conf_auto() {
+       local mdadm_conf="$1"
+
+       if [ ! -w "$mdadm_conf" ]; then
+               if [ -z "$mdadm_conf" ]; then
+                       verbose "mdadm_conf value is empty" ERROR
+               else
+                       verbose "'$mdadm_conf' file not found writable" ERROR
+               fi
+               return 1
+       fi
+
+       local block_md block_uuid mdadm_md mdadm_md_rc mdadm_uuid
+
+       # Check block info for active linux_raid_members, if necessary then 
compare with mdadm, & dynamically update $mdadm_conf
+
+       block_md=0 # counter
+       for block_uuid in $(block info 2> /dev/null | grep linux_raid_member | 
awk '{print $2}' | awk -F\" '{print $(NF-1)}'); do
+               mdadm_md=""
+               mdadm_md_rc=0
+
+               while [ -z "$mdadm_md" ]; do
+                       if [ -b "/dev/md$block_md" ]; then
+                               # handle mdadm restart, service reload, 
multiple starts without stops, physical unplug, etc.
+
+                               verbose "/dev/md$block_md block device already 
exists" NOTICE
+
+                               # active arrays will promptly respond; first 
check
+                               mdadm_uuid=$($PROG --detail --test --brief 
"/dev/md$block_md" 2> /dev/null | grep -E "((.*)(UUID=(.){36})$" | head -1 | 
awk -F= '{print $NF}')
+
+                               if [ -z "$mdadm_uuid" ]; then
+                                       # When an array is unplugged and then 
plugged in again (without rebooting) then it becomes an INACTIVE-ARRAY
+                                       # however the device file persists, 
e.g. /dev/md0, and should be reused, rather than a new device assigned.
+                                       if $PROG --detail --test --scan 
"/dev/md$block_md" 2> /dev/null | grep -E "^(INACTIVE-ARRAY(\ 
|\t)(.*)/dev/md(|/)$block_md(\ |\t)metadata)" &> /dev/null; then
+                                               verbose "attempting to revive 
INACTIVE-ARRAY on /dev/md$block_md" NOTICE
+                                               $PROG --examine --scan 2> 
/dev/null | egrep -qE "^(ARRAY(\ |\t)(.*)/dev/md(|/)$block_md(\ |\t))"
+                                               if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+                                                       # this is relatively 
safe with the above regex validation
+                                                       
mdadm_md="/dev/md$block_md"
+                                               fi
+                                       else
+                                               # This is an unsafe condition 
to handle with a shell, mdadm sees an inactive device with a different /dev.
+                                               # Err to the side of 
caution;--assemble --scan shoud know what to do ... it will abandon the block 
device.
+                                               # If these are happening, 
suggest stateless & sacrifice some minor functionality, e.g. MAILFROM
+                                               # May be an mdadm or kernel bug 
with this hardware setup.
+                                               verbose "bug? unsafe to revive 
INACTIVE-ARRAY on /dev/md$block_md" WARNING
+                                               let block_md=$block_md+1
+                                               continue
+                                       fi
+                               fi
+
+                               if [ "${block_uuid//-/}" == "${mdadm_uuid//:/}" 
]; then
+                                       # block info & mdadm concur all's well; 
the meta device is active; reuse
+                                       mdadm_md="/dev/md$block_md"
+                                       verbose "auto conf found active RAID 
member block_uuid=$block_uuid and will reused device '$mdadm_md'" OK
+                               else
+                                       if [ ! -e "/dev/md$block_md" ]; then
+                                               # this block device was never 
assembled previously; new
+                                               mdadm_md="/dev/md$block_md"
+                                               verbose "auto conf found new 
RAID member block_uuid=$block_uuid and will assign device '$mdadm_md'" OK
+                                       else
+                                               let block_md=$block_md+1
+                                               continue
+                                       fi
+                               fi
+
+                       else
+                               if [ ! -e "/dev/md$block_md" ]; then
+                                       # best scenario; no device or file 
(yet), safest
+                                       mdadm_md="/dev/md$block_md"
+                                       verbose "auto conf found missing RAID 
member block_uuid=$block_uuid and will assign device '$mdadm_md'" OK
+                               else
+                                       # a file exists, but it's not a block 
device? It's possible (touch), albeit a corner case; discretely say
+                                       # we know & pass over it.
+                                       verbose "/dev/md$block_md file found, 
not a block device" WARNING
+                                       let block_md=$block_md+1
+                                       continue
+                               fi
+                       fi
+
+                       $PROG --detail --test --brief $mdadm_md &> /dev/null # 
rc 1=ok, 1=degrade, 2=dead, 4=missing
+                       mdadm_md_rc=$?
+
+                       # todo: annouce degraded arrays in the logs? mdadmin 
monitor will do it but not on demand, only per frequency.
+                       #       nice to have for hot plugs ...
+
+                       verbose "block_md=$block_md, block_uuid=$block_uuid, 
mdadm_md=$mdadm_md, mdadm_uuid=$mdadm_uuid, rc=$mdadm_md_rc" INFO
+
+                       if [ $mdadm_md_rc -lt 4 ]; then
+                               $PROG --detail --test --brief $mdadm_md 2> 
/dev/null >> $mdadm_conf
+                       else
+                               # there's a device with no header.  maybe it's 
to replace a failed device ...
+                               echo "ARRAY $mdadm_md uuid=$block_uuid" >> 
$mdadm_conf
+                       fi
+
+               done
+
+       done
+
+       if [ -n "$mdadm_md" ]; then
+               return 0
+       else
+               return 1
+       fi
 }
 
-mdadm_array() {
+mdadm_conf_uci() {
        local cfg="$1"
-       local uuid device devices name array
+       local mdadm_conf="$2"
+
+       if [ -z "$cfg" ]; then
+               verbose "cfg is empty" WARNING
+               return 1
+       fi
+
+       local cfg_name=$(uci_get mdadm.$cfg 2> /dev/null)
+
+       if [ -z "$cfg_name" ]; then
+               verbose "($cfg) mdadm config name is empty" NOTICE
+       fi
+
+       if [ -z "$mdadm_conf" ]; then
+               verbose "($cfg) skipping mdadm.$cfg_name array; config file is 
empty" WARNING
+               return 1
+       fi
+
+       if ! touch "$mdadm_conf" 2> /dev/null; then
+               verbose "($cfg) skipping mdadm.$cfg_name array; can't touch 
'$mdadm_conf'" ERROR
+               return 1
+       fi
+
+       local array device devices name uuid
 
-       config_get uuid "$cfg" uuid
        config_get name "$cfg" name
        config_get device "$cfg" device
+       config_get uuid "$cfg" uuid
+
+       config_list_foreach "$cfg" devices append_list_item devices " "
+       [ -n "$devices" ] && printf "DEVICE %s\n" "$devices" >> $mdadm_conf
 
        if [ -z "$device" ] || [ -z "$uuid$name" ]; then
-               echo "Skipping array without device, uuid or name" >&2
-               return
+               verbose "($cfg) skipping mdadm.$cfg_name array; no device, 
uuid, or name" WARNING
+               return 1
        fi
 
        [ -n "$uuid" ] && append array "uuid=$uuid"
@@ -67,27 +210,323 @@ mdadm_array() {
        append_option array "$cfg" member
        append_option array "$cfg" devices devices ","
 
-       printf "ARRAY %s %s\n" "$device" "$array" >> $CONF
+       printf "ARRAY %s %s\n" "$device" "$array" >> $mdadm_conf
+}
+
+reload_service() {
+       # fix. stopping mdadm every time a reload is requested is bad.
+       # procd needs this or it'll call restart, which will call stop_service 
and then start_service.
+       # running start_service() should be OK, it already rescans for 
hotplugged devices, add new arrays, etc.
+       # todo: better test calling start_service() on reload, for now, 
verbosely ignore & exit 0 ...
+       verbose "reload_service called, ignoring" NOTICE
+       exit 0
 }
 
 start_service() {
-       local email
+       local config config_detail config_file config_level config_mode 
config_rc config_state config_verbose mdadm_conf
+
+       # mdadm.global specific locals
+       local alert_program email email_from mail_program mdadm_args 
monitor_frequency
+
+       config_verbose=$(uci_get mdadm.global.verbose 2> /dev/null | awk 
'{print tolower($1)}')
+       if [ "$config_verbose" == "1" ] || [ "$config_verbose" == "on" ] || [ 
"$config_verbose" == "true" ]; then
+               VERBOSE=1 # turn verbose on globally
+               config_verbose=1
+               mdadm_args="--verbose"
+       else
+               unset -v config_verbose
+               mdadm_args="--quiet"
+       fi
+
+       verbose "start_service $@" INFO
+
+       config_rc=0
+       config_detail="start"
+       config_level="INFO"
+       config_mode="service"
+
+       config=$(uci_get mdadm.global.config 2> /dev/null)
+       if [ -z "$config" ]; then
+               # per PR1713 discussion; this works very well for the majority 
of use cases; let mdadm do the heavy lifting.
+               # none is (Auto Assemble; or no --config); see mdadm(8), default
+               config='none'
+               config_detail="mdadm.global.config value is empty"
+               config_state='stateless'
+               config_mode="default"
+               config_level='OK'
+       else
+               # experts only
 
-       mkdir -p "${CONF%/*}"
-       printf "# Autogenerated from /etc/config/mdadm, do not edit!\n" > $CONF
+               config_mode="manual"
 
-       config_load mdadm
-       config_foreach mdadm_common mdadm
-       config_foreach mdadm_array array
+               # check file values first, to preserve case of file name values
+               if [ "${config:0:1}" == "/" ]; then
+                       config_state='stateful' # all types of file configs are 
stateful
 
-       $PROG --assemble --scan --config="$CONF"
+                       if [ -d "$config" ] && [ -r "$config" ]; then
+                               local config_file_count=0
+                               for config_file in ${config}/*.conf; do
+                                       if [ -r "$config_file" ]; then
+                                               let 
config_file_count=$config_file_count+1
+                                       fi
+                               done
+                               if [ $config_file_count -eq 0 ]; then
+                                       config_level="WARNING"
+                               else
+                                       config_level="OK"
+                               fi
+                               config_detail="directory found with 
$config_file_count readable .conf files"
+                       else
+                               if [ -w "$config" ]; then
+                                       if [ -s "$config" ]; then
+                                               # regardless, this will rely on 
mdadm for final validation; for informational purposes ...
+                                               grep -E '^((DEVICE){1}(\ 
|\t)(.*)(/dev/|containers|partitions))' "$config" &> /dev/null # pattern per 
mdadm(8)
+                                               if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+                                                       config_detail="file 
found, readable with a ^DEVICE"
+                                                       config_level="OK"
+                                               else
+                                                       config_detail="file 
found, readable without a ^DEVICE"
+                                                       config_level="WARNING"
+                                               fi
+                                       else
+                                               config_detail="file found, 
writable and empty"
+                                               config_level="OK"
+                                       fi
+                               else
+                                       config_detail="file not found, 
unwritable"
+                                       config_level="FATAL"
+                                       config_rc=1
+                               fi
+                       fi
+               else
+                       config_mode="dynamic"
 
+                       # allow static values in mixed case; convert to lower
+                       config="$(awk -v config="$config" 'BEGIN{print 
tolower(config)}')"
+                       if [ "$config" == "containers" ] || [ "$config" == 
"none" ] || [ "$config" == "partition" ]; then
+                               # pass through to mdadm --config=
+                               config_detail="dynamic; uci static key value"
+                               config_level="OK"
+                               config_state='stateless'
+                       else
+                               if [ "$config" == "auto" ] || [ "$config" == 
"uci" ]; then
+                                       config_detail="dynamic; $config config"
+                                       config_level="OK"
+                                       config_state='stateful'
+                                       mdadm_conf="$TMP_FILE"
+                               else
+                                       config_detail="invalid; unsupported uci 
config key value"
+                                       config_level="FATAL"
+                                       config_state='stateful'
+                                       config_rc=1
+                               fi
+                       fi
+               fi
+       fi
+
+       # final safety & functional checks
+
+       # check for fatality
+       if [ -z "$config" ]; then
+               config="${config}?"
+               config_detail="$config_detail (sorry, something went wrong; 
check the config settings)"
+               config_level="FATAL"
+               config_mode="${config_mode}?"
+               config_state="${config_state}?"
+               config_rc=1
+       fi
+
+       # Prefer mdadm.global.email; only one is allowed and can be an --email 
argument per mdadm.conf(5)
+       email=$(uci_get mdadm.global.email 2> /dev/null)
+
+       # mdadm (or postfix?) bug; workaround.  mdadm 4.0 for 18.06.1 has a 
compiled in default of '/usr/lib/sendmail -t'.
+       # There's no configurable way to change it and mdadm must be recompiled 
differently for Openwrt, or posfix should
+       # add the link. In 18.06.1, postfix 3.3.0-1 installs sendmail in 
/usr/sbin; mdadm complains & no mail is delivered.
+       # Other distro's postfix pkg typically installs this link ... or one in 
/etc/alternatives.
+       # Since mdadm needs it, I'm adding it here to be sure mdadm can send 
email if there's a /usr/sbin/sendmail.
+
+       # There's really no point in making mdadm's compiled in sendmail 
configurable via uci.
+       mail_program="/usr/lib/sendmail"
+       if [ -x /usr/sbin/sendmail ] && [ ! -e "$mail_program" ]; then
+               # a sym link will suffice
+               ln -s /usr/sbin/sendmail "$mail_program"
+               if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+                       verbose "ln -s /usr/bin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail 
failed" WARNING
+               fi
+       fi
+
+       if [ ! -x "$mail_program" ]; then
+               verbose "disabling email; mail program '/usr/lib/sendmail' not 
found executable (install postfix)" WARNING
+               email=""
+       fi
+
+       if [ "$config_state" == "stateful" ] && [ -n "$mdadm_conf" ]; then
+               if mkdir -p "${mdadm_conf%/*}" &> /dev/null; then
+                       printf "# Autogenerated from /etc/init.d/mdadm, do not 
edit!\n" > $mdadm_conf
+
+                       # Use mdadm.global.email_from only if there's a valid 
mta; only one is allowed per mdadm.conf(5)
+                       # todo: see what other mtas Openwrt has in their opkg 
repos & maybe support others
+                       if [ -x "$mail_program" ]; then
+                               email_from=$(uci_get mdadm.global.email_from 2> 
/dev/null)
+                       fi
+
+                       if [ "$config" == "auto" ]; then
+                               # stateful mdadm.conf auto configuration
+                               if ! mdadm_conf_auto "$mdadm_conf"; then
+                                       #there's quite a bit of logic & error 
handling in mdadm_conf_auto; if it doesn't return 0 then it's a fatality
+                                       config_detail="$config_detail (couldn't 
find any meta devices; check connections, or try stateless autoconfig)"
+                                       config_level="FATAL"
+                                       config_rc=1
+                               fi
+                       else
+                               # stateful mdadm.conf uci configuration
+
+                               # load uci config from /etc/config/mdadm
+                               config_load mdadm
+
+                               # This is how mdadm uci mdadm config sections 
should be named, like fstab does with 'mount'.
+                               # The included uci /etc/config/mdadm provides 
more documentation & direction.
+                               config_foreach mdadm_conf_uci array 
"$mdadm_conf"
+
+                               # The unlabled mdadm.@mdadm[0] section should 
be (is now) deprecated.
+                               # It's more difficult to document how to use, 
redundant, and over complicated this init configuration.
+
+                               # Confused; originally config_foreach?
+                               # It's possible to specify multiple mdadm 
sections with array options in all sections.
+                               # Thus multiple option emails which could 
result in multiple MAILADDR being appended to mdadm.conf.
+                               # That confuses mdadm.
+
+                               # The following code is here to prevent 
regressions.
+
+                               config_foreach mdadm_conf_uci mdadm 
"$mdadm_conf"
+
+                               # For backward compatibility; this will allow 
an mdadm.@mdadm[0] section's option email.
+                               # (only if mdadm.global.email is not set; 
again, prefer mdadm.global.email)
+                               #
+                               # bug fixed. The first legacy mdadm section 
option email will be used.
+                               # a better fix would be to *only* support array 
sections.
+                               #
+                               [ -z "$email" ] && [ -x "$mail_program" ] && 
email=$(uci_get mdadm.@mdadm[0].email 2> /dev/null)
+                               # email_from is a new feature; was not 
previously handled; no need to and please don't backport
+
+                       fi
+
+                       # This is nice feature to have to get mdadm mails 
through spam filters, etc.
+                       # Too bad mdadm (4.0) doesn't have an argument for it.
+                       # Maybe mdadm 4.1 will ... todo: revisit when making 
mdadm 4.1 & it's in Openwrt mainline.
+                       # This tests successfully with the postfix workaround 
above & mdadm 4.0.
+                       if [ -x "$mail_program" ]; then
+                               printf "MAILFROM %s\n" "$email_from" >> 
$mdadm_conf # only supported via stateful configs; see mdadm.conf(5)
+                       fi
+
+                       if [ -n "$config_verbose" ] && [ -r "$mdadm_conf" ]; 
then
+                               verbose "mdadm_conf = $mdadm_conf 
(config_verbose=$config_verbose)" INFO
+                               verbose "---cut $mdadm_conf cut---" INFO
+                               while read line; do
+                                       verbose "$line" INFO
+                               done < "$mdadm_conf"
+                               unset -v line
+                               verbose "---cut $mdadm_conf cut---" INFO
+                       fi
+
+               else
+                       config_detail="$config_detail (mkdir failed; check 
permissions)"
+                       config_level="FATAL"
+                       config_rc=1
+               fi
+       fi
+
+       if [ $config_rc -ne 0 ]; then
+               # FATAL
+               verbose "$config_state,$config_mode config='$config', 
$config_detail" "$config_level" INFO
+               [ -n "$mdadm_conf" ] && [ -w "$mdadm_conf" ] && rm -f 
"$mdadm_conf"
+               exit $config_rc
+       fi
+
+       # Good to go, no more fatal exits, finish getting global & setting 
local values ... they're all optional.
+
+       mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --scan"
+
+       if [ -n "$mdadm_conf" ]; then
+               # mdadm.global.config </file>
+               mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --config=$mdadm_conf"
+       else
+               # mdadm.global.config all (containers, partitions, etc), except 
none
+               [ -n "$config" ] && [ "$config" != 'none' ] && 
mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --config=$config"
+       fi
+
+       local assemble_count assemble_rc
+
+       assemble_count=$($PROG --detail --brief --scan 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
+       verbose "$assemble_count arrays are currently assembled" INFO
+
+       # setup assembly mode
+
+       verbose "(assemble) '$PROG --assemble $mdadm_args'" INFO
+       $PROG --assemble $mdadm_args &> /dev/null
+       assemble_rc=$?
+
+       if [ $assemble_rc -eq 0 ]; then
+               verbose "all arrays assembled successfully" OK
+               if [ -n "$config_verbose" ]; then
+                       >/tmp/mdadm.detail
+                       local assemble_dev assemble_devs=$($PROG --detail 
--brief --scan | awk '{print $2}')
+                       for assemble_dev in $assemble_devs; do
+                               printf "\n" >> /tmp/mdadm.detail
+                               $PROG --verbose --detail $assemble_dev >> 
/tmp/mdadm.detail
+                               printf "\n" >> /tmp/mdadm.detail
+                       done
+                       unset -v assemble_dev
+                       while read line; do
+                               verbose "$line" INFO
+                       done < "/tmp/mdadm.detail"
+                       unset -v line
+               fi
+       else
+               if [ $assemble_count -eq 0 ]; then
+                       verbose "no arrays assembled successfully" ERROR
+               else
+                       verbose "no new arrays need assembly" NOTICE
+               fi
+       fi
+
+       # setup monitor mode
+
+       alert_program=$(uci_get mdadm.global.alert_program 2> /dev/null)
+       if [ -n "$alert_program" ]; then
+               if [ -x "$alert_program" ]; then
+                       mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --alert=$alert_program"
+               else
+                       verbose "disabling alerts; alert_progam 
'$alert_program' not found executable" WARNING
+               fi
+       fi
+
+       [ -n "$email" ] && mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --mail=$email"
+
+       monitor_frequency=$(uci_get mdadm.global.monitor_frequency 2> /dev/null 
| sed -e 's/[^0-9]*//g')
+       if [ -n "$monitor_frequency" ]; then
+               mdadm_args="$mdadm_args --delay=$monitor_frequency"
+               verbose "setting monitor frequency to '$monitor_frequency' 
seconds"
+       fi
+
+       verbose "(monitor) '$PROG --monitor --syslog $mdadm_args'" INFO
+
+       # /etc/rc.common doesn't like valid sh constructs like while read line; 
do echo $line; done <<< "$(echo hello; echo world)" # 8|
+       # Taking the time machine back to sh is rough enough as it is ... I 
need to better understand its purpose. I spent too much time
+       # in /lib/functions.  It's all circa 2006-2013.  Yikes.  Where's the 
man pages?  Or even code comments?  It would've been way
+       # easier just to do *everything* the good ol' sysvinit fashioned way, 
or use systemd.  Just a gripe, I really do like OpenWrt.
        procd_open_instance
-       procd_set_param command "$PROG" --monitor --syslog --scan 
--config="$CONF"
+       procd_set_param command "$PROG" --monitor --syslog $mdadm_args
        procd_close_instance
+
+       verbose "$config_state,$config_mode config=$config, $config_detail 
complete" "$config_level"
 }
 
 stop_service() {
        $PROG --stop --scan
+       if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+               verbose "'$PROG --stop --scan' stop_service succeeded" OK
+       else
+               verbose "'$PROG --stop --scan' stop_service failed" ERROR
+       fi
 }
-
-- 
1.8.3.1


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