You don't have to use SMARTS -- you could program the atom types with a set of 
if/else clauses. Essentially all of MMFF94 atom typing is done this way in Open 
Babel. It's probably more tedious, though.

> Sorry, but my question remains as to how can element is assigned its atom 
> type based solely on bond connectivities.


Molecular mechanics implementations like GAFF define a set of atom types 
determined by humans. So if you have the valence bond structure of a molecule 
(i.e., atomic numbers, bonded neighbors, and bond types = double, triple, etc.) 
you should have everything needed for GAFF.

The only "other" things I see in the list of GAFF atom types are ring 
membership and aromaticity. You can, most definitely, assign these based on 
bond connectivities.

So I guess my question is -- what more do you think one would need beyond 
atomic numbers and bond connectivities? In the organic chemist's view of the 
world, that's essentially everything.

Thanks,
-Geoff
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