Personally when I see AST I think of VMS and A-Synchronous Traps. I notice that a google search shows the achronym AST is used for many computer related things besides abstract syntax trees.
The CPAN rules suggest avoiding achronyms. On the other hand I find the name SQL::AbstractSyntaxTree to be pretty much self explanatory, unlike the shorter variations, and the only issue is that is a little bit long. I'm not sure that shortening the name of the module is a sensible "optimization" of anything. The code a programmer needs to write could still be be pleasantly terse $ast = new SQL::AbstractSyntaxTree(); $ast->Method()... etc. $0.02