There is an informative section called "Unpitched Sounds" on p.190 of Kurt Stone's book. Basically he says unpitched sounds should be notated with x-shaped heads on an extra line (usually above the staff) with a textual performance direction written at first occurence, using opposing stem-directions or extra lines for two or more types. Long sections with one type and nothing else can go on a single-line staff.
Here are some uses mentioned by Gardner Read in his book "Music Notation" (that do not repeat what I already listed from Kurt Stone). To repeat something I've said in the past: In my opinion, Kurt Stone is far more authoritative than Gardner Read. - Mark Woodwind Notation p.351 - forceful blowing into a mouthpiece, indefinite tone. p.360 - striking mouthpiece or bell with open hand Jazz Notation p.412 - wire-brush (percussion) p.416 - plop _______________________________________________ lilypond-user mailing list lilypond-user@gnu.org http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/lilypond-user