Carl Sorensen wrote:
> 1) What instances (other than a drum staff) are you aware of
> where a note uses a cross symbol rather than a standard note
> head?
>
> 2) For each of the instances you identified in part 1), what do
> you call the resulting note?
Below I've listed all the uses of the x-shaped notehead that I
could find in Kurt Stone's "Music Notation in the Twentieth
Century". I may have missed some, but this should give you an
idea.
- Mark
Woodwinds
p.192 - key-slap
p.195 - sub-tone
Brasses
p.198 - fingernails on bell
p.199 - growl
p.200 - mouthpiece pop (hand pop)
p.204 - valve click
Percussion
p.219 - cymbals (sometimes)
Harp
p.249 - indeterminate low string(s)
Organ
p.275-277 - key-release
Voice
p.294 - unvoiced sound (tongue only, no vocal chords)
p.298 - Sprechstimme
p.298 - speaking voice
p.303 - unvoiced vocal effects (tongue-clicks, lip-smacks, etc.)
p.304 - whisper
Bowed String Instruments
p.307-308 - tapping or striking (with fingers, hand, or bow etc.)
p.308 - bowing behind the bridge
p.309 - bowing on top of the bridge
p.315 - slapping the strings
p.315 - bowing on the tailpiece
Taped (Prerecorded) Sound
p.317 - approximate pitches or pitch levels
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