vcrfxia commented on code in PR #13126:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/13126#discussion_r1093919450


##########
streams/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/streams/state/internals/RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.streams.state.internals;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Helper utility for managing the bytes layout of the value stored in 
segments of the {@link RocksDBVersionedStore}.
+ * The value format is:
+ * <pre>
+ *     <next_timestamp> + <min_timestamp> + <list of <timestamp, value_size>, 
reverse-sorted by timestamp> + <list of values, forward-sorted by timestamp>
+ * </pre>
+ * where:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>{@code next_timestamp} is the validTo timestamp of the latest record 
version stored in this
+ * segment,</li>
+ * <li>{@code min_timestamp} is the validFrom timestamp of the earliest record 
version stored
+ * in this segment, and</li>
+ * <li>Negative {@code value_size} is used to indicate that the value stored 
is a tombstone,
+ * in order to distinguish from empty array which has {@code value_size} of 
zero. In practice,
+ * {@code value_size} is always set to -1 for the tombstone case, though this 
need not be true
+ * in general.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * Note that the value format above does not store the number of record 
versions contained in the
+ * segment. It is not necessary to store this information separately because 
this information is
+ * never required on its own. Record versions are always deserialized in 
order, and we can
+ * determine when we have reached the end of the list based on whether the 
(validFrom) timestamp of

Review Comment:
   See 
[below](https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/13126#discussion_r1093909835).



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