rdblue commented on code in PR #3202:
URL: https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/pull/3202#discussion_r2073888933


##########
parquet-variant/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/variant/VariantBuilder.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.parquet.variant;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Builder for creating Variant value and metadata.
+ */
+public class VariantBuilder {
+  /**
+   * Creates a VariantBuilder.
+   * @param allowDuplicateKeys if true, only the last occurrence of a 
duplicate key will be kept.
+   *                           Otherwise, an exception will be thrown.
+   */
+  public VariantBuilder(boolean allowDuplicateKeys) {
+    this.allowDuplicateKeys = allowDuplicateKeys;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the Variant value
+   */
+  public Variant build() {
+    int numKeys = dictionaryKeys.size();
+    // Use long to avoid overflow in accumulating lengths.
+    long dictionaryStringSize = 0;
+    for (byte[] key : dictionaryKeys) {
+      dictionaryStringSize += key.length;
+    }
+    // Determine the number of bytes required per offset entry.
+    // The largest offset is the one-past-the-end value, which is total string 
size. It's very
+    // unlikely that the number of keys could be larger, but incorporate that 
into the calculation
+    // in case of pathological data.
+    long maxSize = Math.max(dictionaryStringSize, numKeys);
+    int offsetSize = getMinIntegerSize((int) maxSize);
+
+    int offsetStart = 1 + offsetSize;
+    int stringStart = offsetStart + (numKeys + 1) * offsetSize;
+    long metadataSize = stringStart + dictionaryStringSize;
+
+    byte[] metadata = new byte[(int) metadataSize];
+    int headerByte = VariantUtil.VERSION | ((offsetSize - 1) << 6);
+    VariantUtil.writeLong(metadata, 0, headerByte, 1);
+    VariantUtil.writeLong(metadata, 1, numKeys, offsetSize);
+    int currentOffset = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i) {
+      VariantUtil.writeLong(metadata, offsetStart + i * offsetSize, 
currentOffset, offsetSize);
+      byte[] key = dictionaryKeys.get(i);
+      System.arraycopy(key, 0, metadata, stringStart + currentOffset, 
key.length);
+      currentOffset += key.length;
+    }
+    VariantUtil.writeLong(metadata, offsetStart + numKeys * offsetSize, 
currentOffset, offsetSize);
+    return new Variant(Arrays.copyOfRange(writeBuffer, 0, writePos), metadata);

Review Comment:
   If we aren't going to support reuse right away, then there is no reason to 
copy.



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