rdblue commented on code in PR #3117:
URL: https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/pull/3117#discussion_r1968570041


##########
parquet-variant/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/variant/VariantUtil.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.parquet.variant;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * This class defines constants related to the Variant format and provides 
functions for
+ * manipulating Variant binaries.
+ *
+ * A Variant is made up of 2 binaries: value and metadata. A Variant value 
consists of a one-byte
+ * header and a number of content bytes (can be zero). The header byte is 
divided into upper 6 bits
+ * (called "type info") and lower 2 bits (called "basic type"). The content 
format is explained in
+ * the below constants for all possible basic type and type info values.
+ *
+ * The Variant metadata includes a version id and a dictionary of distinct 
strings (case-sensitive).
+ * Its binary format is:
+ * - Version: 1-byte unsigned integer. The only acceptable value is 1 
currently.
+ * - Dictionary size: 4-byte little-endian unsigned integer. The number of 
keys in the
+ *                    dictionary.
+ * - Offsets: (size + 1) * 4-byte little-endian unsigned integers. 
`offsets[i]` represents the
+ * starting position of string i, counting starting from the address of 
`offsets[0]`. Strings
+ * must be stored contiguously, so we don’t need to store the string size, 
instead, we compute it
+ * with `offset[i + 1] - offset[i]`.
+ * - UTF-8 string data.
+ */
+public class VariantUtil {
+  public static final int BASIC_TYPE_BITS = 2;
+  public static final int BASIC_TYPE_MASK = 0x3;

Review Comment:
   Nit: I think it's easier to read if masks like this use `0b00000011` instead 
of `0x3`.



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