According to a recent message posted on the Ubuntu Devel mailing list by
Colin Watson, Installer Team leader, *Ubuntu might get a new, simplified
packaging format and app installer *which should make it easier for
developers to get their software into Ubuntu. This *will target, at
least initially, the Ubuntu phone/tablet but it should be usable
elsewhere too, even on non-Ubuntu or non-Linux systems*.
*The already existing packages won't change and Ubuntu will continue to
use dpkg and apt, syncing with Debian and so on. *
"*Click packages*" (the new packaging format) is aimed at making it
easier to build packages for Ubuntu: no dependencies between
applications, no maintainer scripts and each app will be installed in
its own directory.
The new package format needs a new installer and there's already a
*proof of concept low-level app package installer* that's entirely new
code - highlights of what it can do so far:
* no dependencies between apps; single implicit dependency on the base
system by way of a Click-Base-System field;
* installs each app to an entirely separate directory;
* entirely declarative: maintainer scripts are forbidden;
* base package manager overhead, i.e. the time required to install a
trivial package containing a single small file, is about 0.15
seconds on a newish x86 laptop and about 0.6 seconds on a Nexus 7
(and that's with the current prototype implementation in Python; a
later implementation could be in C and would then be faster still);
* not limited to installing as root, although there may be similar
constraints elsewhere to ensure that apps can't edit their own code
at run-time
* packages built by feeding the intended output directory tree to a
simple Python tool, plus a manifest.json file;
* building packages requires only the Python standard library, with
the intent that it should be possible to build these packages quite
easily on non-Ubuntu or even non-Linux systems;
* binary packaging format sufficiently similar to existing one that we
could add support to higher-level tools with minimal effort;
* strawman design for hooks into system packages, which will be
entirely declarative from the app's point of view;
* unit-tested from the start.
The Ubuntu developers have also looked into similar existing tools such
as Listaller <http://listaller.tenstral.net/> or 0install
<http://0install.net/> but there are some things which they prefer to do
differently; e.g.: Listaller is dependency-based and they prefer this to
be as independent as possible and 0install would also need some system
integration problems to be solved, so instead, they've decided to create
a new installer.
The proof of concept installer is currently under 300 lines of code
(Python) and obviously, still needs work. The prototype will be ready in
time for UDS <http://uds.ubuntu.com/> next week and there's also going
to be an UDS session to discuss this.
*For more info, see Colin Watson's message @ Ubuntu Devel mailing list
<https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2013-May/037074.html>.
*
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