Hi,
this is a variant of a hook I benchmarked on cpu2016 with -Ofast -flto
and -O2 -flto.  For non -Os and no Windows ABI should be pratically the
same as your variant that was simply returning mem_cost - 2.

It seems mostly SPEC netural. With -O2 -flto there is
small 4% improvement on povray (which was mentioned earlier) and also
5% regression on perlbench.

I will check to see if I can figure out what is going out with
perlbench. However I relalized that -flto is probably hidding some of
differences becuase of cross-module inlining and IPA-RA, so I am
retesting with -O2 alone and -O2 -fno-ipa-ra to stress the costs little
more.

I also noticed that move costs for -Os are not really set according to
size of the instructions, so I will experiment with fixing that
incrementally.

Honza

diff --git a/gcc/config/i386/i386.cc b/gcc/config/i386/i386.cc
index 560e6525b56..3d09448c326 100644
--- a/gcc/config/i386/i386.cc
+++ b/gcc/config/i386/i386.cc
@@ -20713,12 +20713,27 @@ ix86_class_likely_spilled_p (reg_class_t rclass)
   return false;
 }
 
-/* Implement TARGET_IRA_CALLEE_SAVED_REGISTER_COST_SCALE.  */
+/* Implement TARGET_CALLEE_SAVE_COST.  */
 
 static int
-ix86_ira_callee_saved_register_cost_scale (int)
-{
-  return 1;
+ix86_callee_save_cost (spill_cost_type, unsigned int hard_regno, machine_mode,
+                      unsigned int, int mem_cost, const HARD_REG_SET &, bool)
+{
+  /* Account for the fact that push and pop are shorter and do their
+     own allocation and deallocation.  */
+  if (GENERAL_REGNO_P (hard_regno))
+    {
+      /* push is 1 byte while typical spill is 4-5 bytes.
+        ??? We probably should adjust size costs accordingly.
+        Costs are relative to reg-reg move that has 2 bytes for 32bit
+        and 3 bytes otherwise.  */
+      if (optimize_function_for_size_p (cfun))
+       return 1;
+      /* Be sure that no cost table sets cost to 2, so we end up with 0.  */
+      gcc_checking_assert (mem_cost > 2);
+      return mem_cost - 2;
+    }
+  return mem_cost;
 }
 
 /* Return true if a set of DST by the expression SRC should be allowed.
@@ -27199,9 +27214,8 @@ ix86_libgcc_floating_mode_supported_p
 #define TARGET_PREFERRED_OUTPUT_RELOAD_CLASS ix86_preferred_output_reload_class
 #undef TARGET_CLASS_LIKELY_SPILLED_P
 #define TARGET_CLASS_LIKELY_SPILLED_P ix86_class_likely_spilled_p
-#undef TARGET_IRA_CALLEE_SAVED_REGISTER_COST_SCALE
-#define TARGET_IRA_CALLEE_SAVED_REGISTER_COST_SCALE \
-  ix86_ira_callee_saved_register_cost_scale
+#undef TARGET_CALLEE_SAVE_COST
+#define TARGET_CALLEE_SAVE_COST ix86_callee_save_cost
 
 #undef TARGET_VECTORIZE_BUILTIN_VECTORIZATION_COST
 #define TARGET_VECTORIZE_BUILTIN_VECTORIZATION_COST \

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