Since Jonathan approved the library change, I'm looking for middle-end approval for the tree-eh change, even without advice on the potential follow-up.

On 5/24/23 14:55, Jason Merrill wrote:
Middle-end folks: any thoughts about how best to make the change described in
the last paragraph below?

Library folks: any thoughts on the changes to __cxa_call_terminate?

-- 8< --

[except.handle]/7 says that when we enter std::terminate due to a throw,
that is considered an active handler.  We already implemented that properly
for the case of not finding a handler (__cxa_throw calls __cxa_begin_catch
before std::terminate) and the case of finding a callsite with no landing
pad (the personality function calls __cxa_call_terminate which calls
__cxa_begin_catch), but for the case of a throw in a try/catch in a noexcept
function, we were emitting a cleanup that calls std::terminate directly
without ever calling __cxa_begin_catch to handle the exception.

A straightforward way to fix this seems to be calling __cxa_call_terminate
instead.  However, that requires exporting it from libstdc++, which we have
not previously done.  Despite the name, it isn't actually part of the ABI
standard.  Nor is __cxa_call_unexpected, as far as I can tell, but that one
is also used by clang.  For this case they use __clang_call_terminate; it
seems reasonable to me for us to stick with __cxa_call_terminate.

I also change __cxa_call_terminate to take void* for simplicity in the front
end (and consistency with __cxa_call_unexpected) but that isn't necessary if
it's undesirable for some reason.

This patch does not fix the issue that representing the noexcept as a
cleanup is wrong, and confuses the handler search; since it looks like a
cleanup in the EH tables, the unwinder keeps looking until it finds the
catch in main(), which it should never have gotten to.  Without the
try/catch in main, the unwinder would reach the end of the stack and say no
handler was found.  The noexcept is a handler, and should be treated as one,
as it is when the landing pad is omitted.

The best fix for that issue seems to me to be to represent an
ERT_MUST_NOT_THROW after an ERT_TRY in an action list as though it were an
ERT_ALLOWED_EXCEPTIONS (since indeed it is an exception-specification).  The
actual code generation shouldn't need to change (apart from the change made
by this patch), only the action table entry.

        PR c++/97720

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

        * cp-tree.h (enum cp_tree_index): Add CPTI_CALL_TERMINATE_FN.
        (call_terminate_fn): New macro.
        * cp-gimplify.cc (gimplify_must_not_throw_expr): Use it.
        * except.cc (init_exception_processing): Set it.
        (cp_protect_cleanup_actions): Return it.

gcc/ChangeLog:

        * tree-eh.cc (lower_resx): Pass the exception pointer to the
        failure_decl.
        * except.h: Tweak comment.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

        * libsupc++/eh_call.cc (__cxa_call_terminate): Take void*.
        * config/abi/pre/gnu.ver: Add it.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

        * g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C: New test.
---
  gcc/cp/cp-tree.h                     |  2 ++
  gcc/except.h                         |  2 +-
  gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc                |  2 +-
  gcc/cp/except.cc                     |  5 ++++-
  gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  gcc/tree-eh.cc                       | 16 ++++++++++++++-
  libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_call.cc    |  4 +++-
  libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver  |  7 +++++++
  8 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
index a1b882f11fe..a8465a988b5 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ enum cp_tree_index
         definitions.  */
      CPTI_ALIGN_TYPE,
      CPTI_TERMINATE_FN,
+    CPTI_CALL_TERMINATE_FN,
      CPTI_CALL_UNEXPECTED_FN,
/* These are lazily inited. */
@@ -358,6 +359,7 @@ extern GTY(()) tree cp_global_trees[CPTI_MAX];
  /* Exception handling function declarations.  */
  #define terminate_fn                  cp_global_trees[CPTI_TERMINATE_FN]
  #define call_unexpected_fn            cp_global_trees[CPTI_CALL_UNEXPECTED_FN]
+#define call_terminate_fn              cp_global_trees[CPTI_CALL_TERMINATE_FN]
  #define get_exception_ptr_fn          
cp_global_trees[CPTI_GET_EXCEPTION_PTR_FN]
  #define begin_catch_fn                        
cp_global_trees[CPTI_BEGIN_CATCH_FN]
  #define end_catch_fn                  cp_global_trees[CPTI_END_CATCH_FN]
diff --git a/gcc/except.h b/gcc/except.h
index 5ecdbc0d1dc..378a9e4cb77 100644
--- a/gcc/except.h
+++ b/gcc/except.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ struct GTY(()) eh_region_d
      struct eh_region_u_must_not_throw {
        /* A function decl to be invoked if this region is actually reachable
         from within the function, rather than implementable from the runtime.
-        The normal way for this to happen is for there to be a CLEANUP region
+        The normal way for this to happen is for there to be a TRY region
         contained within this MUST_NOT_THROW region.  Note that if the
         runtime handles the MUST_NOT_THROW region, we have no control over
         what termination function is called; it will be decided by the
diff --git a/gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc b/gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc
index 216a6231d6f..853b1e44236 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.cc
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ gimplify_must_not_throw_expr (tree *expr_p, gimple_seq 
*pre_p)
    gimple *mnt;
gimplify_and_add (body, &try_);
-  mnt = gimple_build_eh_must_not_throw (terminate_fn);
+  mnt = gimple_build_eh_must_not_throw (call_terminate_fn);
    gimple_seq_add_stmt_without_update (&catch_, mnt);
    mnt = gimple_build_try (try_, catch_, GIMPLE_TRY_CATCH);
diff --git a/gcc/cp/except.cc b/gcc/cp/except.cc
index 91a5e049860..b04eb00d220 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/except.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/except.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ init_exception_processing (void)
    tmp = build_function_type_list (void_type_node, ptr_type_node, NULL_TREE);
    call_unexpected_fn
      = push_throw_library_fn (get_identifier ("__cxa_call_unexpected"), tmp);
+  call_terminate_fn
+    = push_library_fn (get_identifier ("__cxa_call_terminate"), tmp, NULL_TREE,
+                      ECF_NORETURN | ECF_COLD | ECF_NOTHROW);
  }
/* Returns an expression to be executed if an unhandled exception is
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ cp_protect_cleanup_actions (void)
When the destruction of an object during stack unwinding exits
       using an exception ... void terminate(); is called.  */
-  return terminate_fn;
+  return call_terminate_fn;
  }
static tree
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c69dab95f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/eh/terminate2.C
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// PR c++/97720
+// { dg-do run }
+
+// Test that there is an active exception when we reach the terminate handler.
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+void bad_guy() throw() {
+  try { throw 0; }
+  catch (float) { }
+  // Don't catch int.
+}
+
+void level1() {
+  bad_guy();
+  throw "dead code";
+}
+
+void my_term()
+{
+  try { throw; }
+  catch(...) { std::exit(0); }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  std::set_terminate (my_term);
+  try { level1(); }
+  catch (int) { }
+}
diff --git a/gcc/tree-eh.cc b/gcc/tree-eh.cc
index 934209d205f..e8ceff36cc6 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-eh.cc
+++ b/gcc/tree-eh.cc
@@ -3382,8 +3382,22 @@ lower_resx (basic_block bb, gresx *stmt,
              lab = gimple_block_label (new_bb);
              gsi2 = gsi_start_bb (new_bb);
+ /* Handle failure fns that expect either no arguments or the
+                exception pointer.  */
              fn = dst_r->u.must_not_throw.failure_decl;
-             x = gimple_build_call (fn, 0);
+             if (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn)) != void_list_node)
+               {
+                 tree epfn = builtin_decl_implicit (BUILT_IN_EH_POINTER);
+                 src_nr = build_int_cst (integer_type_node, src_r->index);
+                 x = gimple_build_call (epfn, 1, src_nr);
+                 tree var = create_tmp_var (ptr_type_node);
+                 var = make_ssa_name (var, x);
+                 gimple_call_set_lhs (x, var);
+                 gsi_insert_after (&gsi2, x, GSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
+                 x = gimple_build_call (fn, 1, var);
+               }
+             else
+               x = gimple_build_call (fn, 0);
              gimple_set_location (x, dst_r->u.must_not_throw.failure_loc);
              gsi_insert_after (&gsi2, x, GSI_CONTINUE_LINKING);
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_call.cc b/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_call.cc
index 3cfc71a4ef1..2bec4e83a7d 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_call.cc
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_call.cc
@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ using namespace __cxxabiv1;
  // terminate.
extern "C" void
-__cxa_call_terminate(_Unwind_Exception* ue_header) throw ()
+__cxa_call_terminate(void* ue_header_in) throw ()
  {
+  _Unwind_Exception* ue_header
+    = reinterpret_cast<_Unwind_Exception*>(ue_header_in);
if (ue_header)
      {
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver 
b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
index 768cd4a4a6c..a2e5f3b4e74 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/config/abi/pre/gnu.ver
@@ -2841,6 +2841,13 @@ CXXABI_1.3.14 {
} CXXABI_1.3.13; +CXXABI_1.3.15 {
+
+  global:
+    __cxa_call_terminate;
+
+} CXXABI_1.3.14;
+
  # Symbols in the support library (libsupc++) supporting transactional memory.
  CXXABI_TM_1 {
base-commit: 2738955004256c2e9753364d78a7be340323b74b

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