Nick,

Too good to miss — I’m in. Lead me into the jungle of group selection,
especially the human variety.

What I’m after: a clear, simple (but not dumbed-down) take on what group
selection in humans is, and why it might explain our behaviour better than
individual selection alone.

Happy to start at the very beginning — dawn of the argument, cave
paintings, whatever you think works.

And yes, send me that Famous Great Amateur reading list. I promise to read
it with respect… and just enough suspicion to keep it fun.

On Fri, 8 Aug 2025 at 17:05, Nicholas Thompson <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Hi, Pieter,
>
> Let me be a George to you as you explore this topic.  I will try to
> respond off hand, quickly, and unself-consciously as you think along.  I
> think this whole topic is fascinating both substantively, and
> historically.   The literature seems to track (or lead?) the Zeitgeist so
> precisely from post war peace-nikery (Wynne-Edwards), to the
> revanchist academic Reaganism (Williams-Dawkins), to chaos (evodevo). It's
> really hard to take the whole argument seriously once one begins to
> understand how complex and multi layered are the mechanisms by which
> parents do and dont resemble their children.   One of the tools to thinking
> straight is to own up to one's hankerings before one dives into the
> literature.  What are you hoping to find?  Post war peace-nikery was
> covertly deistic,  hoping to find that there was some sort of over
> arching regulatory agency that would keep the species and the planet safe.
> Academic Reaganism said good luck with that!   Success is virtue.  And then
> evodevo, the bull in the china shop of that whole argument.  I recommend
> reading the biologist, Sean B. Carroll, (not the physicist), Endless forms
> most beautiful, and The making of the fittest.   It's really hard to take
> the whole argument seriously once one begins to understand how complex and
> multi layered are the mechanisms by which parents do and dont resemble
> their children. That there is any resemblance at all begins to seem like
> some sort of miracle.  Or perhaps just momentum.  One hankering that
> misleads us is naturalism, the idea that we can find some sort of MORAL
> guidance in the way things are.  Is the opposite hankering,
> existentialism?  The belief that what makes humans special is their power
> to CHOOSE.  You should remember that I am not a philosopher and am, in
> fact, an amateur in all things.
>
> "Any time you want to explore this issue, I  am here ready to help.  Would
> you like suggestions of articles to read by that Famous Amateur, Nick
> Thompson? "
>
> signed,
>
> ChatNST
>
>
>
> On Fri, Aug 8, 2025 at 5:19 AM Pieter Steenekamp <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>> Thanks, Nick. Just like you struggled to get your head around entropy,
>> I’m battling to wrap my mind around how the basic but very powerful
>> mechanism of evolution works in human groups. I can easily understand
>> individual human selection, or even group selection in swarming insects
>> where only the queen has babies.
>>
>> I think I’ll take a page from your book and work with George to help
>> guide me through this learning journey. Every now and then, I might check
>> in with you and others here for a chat or to ask a question.
>>
>> The only catch is that I’ve just started a really exciting AI project, so
>> I might not have much time for my group-level evolution journey — but I’ll
>> try to keep it going.
>>
>> On Fri, 8 Aug 2025 at 03:40, <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>> Thanks Pieter,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Sorry I have taken so long to get back to you.  If FRIAM ever started a
>>> journal, it should be called “the emperors new clothes”.  We are not
>>> committed to anything if not to the validity of an “amateur’s”
>>> perspective.  As people will be quick to tell you, mine has always been of
>>> that sort.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> If I read you carefully, the position you take is that laid out in
>>> Dawkins The Extended Phenotype – that the genes are the basic unit of
>>> selection.  But as Dave Wilson has been pointing out for years, Who made
>>> that decision?   For one thing, as epigenic studies have made clear, when
>>> one looks in detail, it is really hard to find a thing that is exactly the
>>> gene.  For another, that decision runs the risk of confusing the the thing
>>> that is selected with the forces that are selecting it.  Whatever level you
>>> care to calculate the impact of selection, it is differential group success
>>> that is driving selection or it is not group selection.  And if it  is
>>> differential group success that is driving selection, then it is group
>>> selection.  I think you might quite enjoy The Extended Phenotype.   For a
>>> whild ride, have a look at Elliott Sober and D. S. Wilson’s Reintroducing
>>> Group Selection to the human behavioral sciences.  There is a wonderful
>>> metaphor in there about two riders riding three horses.  It was the article
>>> that broke the tide for me.  I had been totally up Dawkins ass for the
>>> preceding 20 years.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Here is the citation, courtesy og George Patrick Tremblay IV
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Wilson, D. S., & Sober, E. (1994). *Reintroducing group selection to
>>> the human behavioral sciences*. *Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17*(4),
>>> 585–608. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00036104
>>> en.wikipedia.org+15philpapers.org+15
>>> <https://philpapers.org/rec/WILRGS?utm_source=chatgpt.com>….
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Nick
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> *From:* Friam <[email protected]> *On Behalf Of *Pieter
>>> Steenekamp
>>> *Sent:* Wednesday, August 6, 2025 12:55 AM
>>> *To:* The Friday Morning Applied Complexity Coffee Group <
>>> [email protected]>
>>> *Subject:* Re: [FRIAM] Group Selection IS a metaphor.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Nick, I'm genuinely impressed. Honestly, I feel a bit out of my depth
>>> trying to respond meaningfully on this topic.
>>>
>>> So please take my reply in the same spirit I’d expect a response from my
>>> 10-year-old grandchild when debating computer programming with me. The gap
>>> between your understanding of evolution and mine feels about that wide.
>>>
>>> That said, I’d still like to offer a response to your group selection
>>> argument—fully aware that it may come across as amateurish, and I'm okay
>>> with that.
>>>
>>> Here's the question I’m grappling with:
>>>
>>> Is the following valid?
>>> Genes as the Unit of Selection:
>>> Modern evolutionary theory generally views genes as the primary unit of
>>> selection. Natural selection acts on individuals, and the success of an
>>> individual is ultimately determined by the genes they carry.
>>> Group Selection as a Modifier:
>>> Group selection can be seen as a process that influences the expression
>>> of genes. For example, if a group-level trait (like cooperative behavior)
>>> is advantageous, then genes that promote that behavior will be favored,
>>> even if those genes also have individual-level costs.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, 6 Aug 2025 at 00:12, Prof David West <[email protected]>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>> Nick,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I wish to embody the fear of being dragged away from what you think you
>>> are supposed to be doing, to be engaged in the topic you raise in your
>>> paper.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I have read the paper before and, as then, I find it meritorious, well
>>> written, and reasonable in argument. I am, basically, convinced.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> However; two points:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> First, your use of the concept, "metaphor," is the way that I use the
>>> term, in a manner that glen pointed out is inconsistent with the literal
>>> definition of the term. I speak of metaphor when there is some thing of
>>> which I think I know something and I have a suspicion that some other thing
>>> might be of the same ilk. I use what I think I know to craft a 'model', one
>>> that suggests particular points and particular relations that, if my
>>> suspicion is correct, will have direct analogs in the unknown thing. I
>>> check them out individually and in combinations and, if substantiated,
>>> confirm my suspicion. If unconfirmed, the metaphor is refuted.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> This seems to me to be what you are doing in the paper, albeit it more
>>> abstractly and academically. Please correct me if wrong.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Second, and here is the real time sink, would it be possible to make
>>> your ideas concrete, real groups with actual history and demonstrated
>>> differential "success." If you were amenable to such a conversation, I
>>> would propose the Mormons as a test case.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> One of 20 or so "religions"/"societies" to emerge from the "Burnt Over
>>> District" of western New York. The only one still extant.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Disproportionately successful, (in material and social terms), to their
>>> neighbors. Smith was living in a two-story New England style home while
>>> down the road, Abe Lincoln, was living in a log cabin with mud floor.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> A schism immediately after Smith's death, with the Reformed LDS barely
>>> evident while the main group flourished. (Last time I checked, Mormonism
>>> and Sokka Gokai, in Japan, were the two fastest growing religions.)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> In Utah there was a concerted effort to spawn multiple small groups by
>>> sending out colonies. Because each group was originally "seeded" with four
>>> or five families, you get a strong genetic/heritance component as well as
>>> "traits." (It is still possible to identify what part of Utah someone is
>>> from (especially females) by their physical appearance.)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Some interesting "adaptations" at the trait level, e.g., when Smith was
>>> alive blacks were included in the community and held the
>>> priesthood—something that Missourians, at the time, could not abide.
>>> Brigham Young 'suspended' (restored in 1978 with the admission that the
>>> suspension was not for theological, but merely political reasons) black
>>> priesthood membership and gave up polygamy (de jure only) to appease the
>>> Federal Government and avoid a second martyrdom.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> davew
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Tue, Aug 5, 2025, at 1:10 PM, Nicholas Thompson wrote:
>>>
>>> Dear Colleagues in FRIAM,
>>>
>>> Sometimes, if I am going to get anything done, I just have to ignore
>>> Friam, and keep my head down, and work at the thing I am working at.  It
>>> always seems, on that occasion, that you-guys dangle in front of me some
>>> enticing topic so I must scream and put my fingers in my ears to keep focus
>>> on my work.  So it was that when I decided I must fish or cut bait on
>>> entropy or it would take me to my grave, that almost immediately you-guys
>>> started not one but two conversations close to my heart: on the centrality
>>> of metaphor to science and on the group selection controversy.
>>>
>>> A couple of decades ago I brought those two interests together in  a
>>> paper called “Shifting the Natural Selection  Metaphor to the Group Level.
>>> There are two things about this paper that make it salient for me.  The
>>> first is that I think it is the best paper I ever wrote.  The second is
>>> that for each of the two people whom I most hoped to reach when I wrote it,
>>> D. S. Wilson and Elliott  Sober, it is a piece of  crap. In it, I try to
>>> show that the problem with metaphors is not with their use in scientific
>>> thinking: on the contrary, it is with their ill-disciplined use.  Metaphors
>>> need to be worked in a systematic way, not simply flung out in a gust of
>>> poetic exuberance.  This lesson  I try to teach by working the natural
>>> selection metaphor in a systematic way to show that if it had been treated
>>> seriously in the first place, the whole dispute about group selection might
>>> have been  avoided.  Thus the paper is not only arrogant, but
>>> meta-arrogant.
>>>
>>> Nothing is more pitiable than the retired academic who would do anything
>>> to have anybody read his moribund essays.  But, alas, I simply am such a
>>> person.  So, I am attaching a copy of the paper  in the hope that it will
>>> have some value to you within the context of your two discussions.
>>>
>>> Mumble,
>>>
>>> Nick
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>>
>>> Nicholas S. Thompson
>>>
>>> Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Ethology
>>>
>>> Clark University
>>>
>>> [email protected]
>>>
>>> https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson
>>>
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>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> *Attachments:*
>>>
>>>    - Shifting the natural selection metaphor to the group level.pdf
>>>    - Shifting the natural selection metaphor to the group level.pdf
>>>
>>>
>>>
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>
>
> --
> Nicholas S. Thompson
> Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Ethology
> Clark University
> [email protected]
> https://wordpress.clarku.edu/nthompson
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