Nick writes: “In a similar way, hearing you guys argue, I wonder if much progress has been made on the question of what conditions make possible the spontaneous progressive layering of natural systems.”
You might look at the deep learning literature. Starting from the Hubel and Wiesel, all the way to learning of optical flow<https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06852>. There is surely more to it than just one directional layering, though. Marcus
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