Hello,

We have been examining the pial surface adjustment with FLAIR scans, and the improvement is quite dramatic. There are MANY areas where the pial surface was clearly wrong and has been substantially improved, considerably reducing (often eliminating) the need for manual pial corrections. I suggest everyone who uses FreeSurfer surfaces acquire a FLAIR scan if they can (see attached for the sequence we’re using). 

However, for most of our participants, we have run into a serious problem with bbregister.

We're running recon-all with two input volumes:
-i MEMPRAGE_scan -FLAIR FLAIR_scan

Recon-all completes successfully, however the results do not look good due to a bad 'bbregister' registration step.

The MEMPRAGE and FLAIR runs were acquired within the same scanning session and they're very well registered to begin with. However, the 'bbregister' step seems to not work well, and they end up grossly misaligned.

Here is an example (on the Martinos network):
[kslays@ficus ~]$
source /usr/local/freesurfer/nmr-stable53-env;
setenv SUBJECTS_DIR /autofs/space/ficus_004/users/SLOTS_subjects;
cd $SUBJECTS_DIR;

recon-all -all -subjid SLOTS007 \
    -i         $SUBJECTS_DIR/SLOTS007/3danat/006/MEMPRAGE_RMS.mgz \
    -FLAIR     $SUBJECTS_DIR/SLOTS007/flair/007/flair.mgz \
    -FLAIRpial -mprage -3T -pctsurfcon -qcache -hippo-subfields


Check input volume registration (looks good):

tkregister2 --targ SLOTS007/mri/orig/001.mgz \
           --mov  SLOTS007/mri/orig/FLAIRraw.mgz \
           --reg NULL --regheader

Check bbregister output (looks bad):

tkregister2 --mov SLOTS007/mri/orig/FLAIRraw.mgz \
           --reg SLOTS007/mri/transforms/FLAIRraw.dat --surf

How do we correct the bbregister step? 

Thanks in advance for your input.
-Kayle

P.S. If you would like to see other examples, feel free to look at other recons in the same directory. Here is an example where bbregister worked, and the pial corrections are dramatic:
freeview -v SLOTS005/mri/FLAIR.mgz            \
-f SLOTS005/surf/lh.white:edgecolor=yellow    \
SLOTS005/surf/rh.white:edgecolor=yellow       \
SLOTS005/surf/lh.pial:edgecolor=red           \
SLOTS005/surf/rh.pial:edgecolor=red           \
SLOTS005/surf/lh.woFLAIR.pial:edgecolor=green \
SLOTS005/surf/rh.woFLAIR.pial:edgecolor=green \
-ras -37 -46 -42 



Kayle Sawyer, PhD

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
MGH East Campus, Charlestown Navy Yard
Building 149, South Central 1113 - Seat F
149 13th Street
Boston, MA 02129
OFFICE:(617) 726-8791

Laboratory of Neuropsychology
Boston University School of Medicine L-815
72 E. Concord St
Boston, MA 02118
OFFICE:(617) 638-4803

VA Boston Healthcare System Jamaica Plain
150 South Huntington Ave 151-A, D11-126
Boston, MA 02130
OFFICE:(857) 364-4003
FAX:   (857) 364-5829

                   SIEMENS MAGNETOM ConnectomA syngo MR D11
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              
\\USER\INVESTIGATORS\Oscar-Berman\SLOTS\t2_spc_da-fl_sag_p2_iso_0.9
          TA:5:47  PAT:2  Voxel size:0.4×0.4×0.9 mm Rel. SNR:1.00   :spcir  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Properties
     Prio Recon                              Off 
     Before measurement                       
     After measurement                        
     Load to viewer                          On 
     Inline movie                            Off 
     Auto store images                       On 
     Load to stamp segments                  Off 
     Load images to graphic segments         Off 
     Auto open inline display                Off 
     Wait for user to start                  Off 
     Start measurements                      single 
Routine
     Nr. of slab groups                      1 
     Slabs                                   1 
     Position                                L0.0 A4.3 F18.2 mm
     Orientation                             Sagittal 
     Phase enc. dir.                         A >> P 
     AutoAlign                               Head > Brain 
     Phase oversampling                      0 %
     Slice oversampling                      0.0 %
     FoV read                                230 mm
     FoV phase                               100.0 %
     Slice thickness                         0.90 mm
     TR                                      5000 ms
     TE                                      389.0 ms
     Concatenations                          1 
     Filter                                  Raw filter, Normalize 
     Coil elements                           BOT;TOP 
Contrast
     MTC                                     Off 
     Magn. preparation                       T2 sel. IR 
     TI                                      1800 ms
     Fat suppr.                              None 
     Water suppr.                            None 
     Restore magn.                           Off 
     Measurements                            1 
     Reconstruction                          Magnitude 
     Multiple series                         Each measurement 
Resolution
     Base resolution                         256 
     Phase resolution                        100 %
     Phase partial Fourier                   Allowed 
     Interpolation                           On 
     PAT mode                                GRAPPA 
     Accel. factor PE                        2 
     Ref. lines PE                           24 
     Reference scan mode                     Integrated 
     Image Filter                            Off 
     Distortion Corr.                        Off 
     Accel. factor 3D                        1 
     Prescan Normalize                       Off 
     Normalize                               On 
     B1 filter                               Off 
     Raw filter                              On 
     Intensity                               Weak 
     Slope                                   25 
     Elliptical filter                       Off 
     Slice resolution                        80 %
     Slice partial Fourier                   7/8 
Geometry
     Nr. of slab groups                      1 
     Slabs                                   1 
     Position                                L0.0 A4.3 F18.2 mm
     Phase enc. dir.                         A >> P 
     Phase oversampling                      0 %
     Slice oversampling                      0.0 %
     Slices per slab                         192 
     Series                                  Interleaved 
     Nr. of sat. regions                     0 
     Position mode                           L-P-H 
     Fat suppr.                              None 
     Water suppr.                            None 
     Special sat.                            None 
     Special sat.                            None 
     Table position                          P 
     Restore magn.                           Off 
System
     Body                                    Off 
     TOP                                     On 
     BOT                                     On 
     Position mode                           L-P-H 
     Positioning mode                        REF 
     Table position                          H 
     Table position                          0 mm
     MSMA                                    S - C - T 
     Sagittal                                R >> L 
     Coronal                                 A >> P 
     Transversal                             F >> H 
     Save uncombined                         Off 
     Coil Combine Mode                       Adaptive Combine 
     AutoAlign                               Head > Brain 
     Auto Coil Select                        Off 
     Shim mode                               Standard 
     Adjust with body coil                   Off 
     Confirm freq. adjustment                Off 
     Assume Dominant Fat                     Off 
     Assume Silicone                         Off 
     Adjustment Tolerance                    Auto 
     ? Ref. amplitude 1H                     0.000 V
     Position                                L0.0 A4.3 F18.2 mm
     Rotation                                0.00 deg
     F >> H                                  230 mm
     A >> P                                  230 mm
     R >> L                                  173 mm
     Frequency 1H                            123.256797 MHz
     Correction factor                       1 
     SLoopIRnsHT1 1H                         515.179 V
     ! Gain                                  High 
     Table position                          0 mm
     Img. Scale. Cor.                        1.000 
Physio
     1st Signal/Mode                         None 
     Trigger delay                           0 ms
     Magn. preparation                       T2 sel. IR 
     TI                                      1800 ms
     Dark blood                              Off 
     Resp. control                           Off 
Inline
     Distortion correction                   Off 
Sequence
     Introduction                            On 
     Dimension                               3D 
     Elliptical scanning                     Off 
     Reordering                              Linear 
     Bandwidth                               751 Hz/Px
     Flow comp.                              No 
     Allowed delay                           30 s
     Echo spacing                            3.35 ms
     Adiabatic-mode                          Off 
     Turbo factor                            278 
     Echo train duration                     851 
     RF pulse type                           Normal 
     Gradient mode                           Fast 
     Excitation                              Non-sel. 
     Flip angle mode                         T2 var 
     TX/RX delta frequency                   0 Hz
     TX Nucleus                              None 
     TX delta frequency                      0 Hz
     Coil elements                           BOT;TOP 
     Acquisition duration                    0 ms
     Organ under exam.                       None 
BOLD
     Subtract                                Off 
     Save images                             On 
     Autoscaling                             Off 
     Scaling factor                          1 
     Offset                                  0 
     Subtrahend                              1 
     Subtraction indices                      
     StdDev                                  Off 
     Std-Dev-Sag                             Off 
     Std-Dev-Cor                             Off 
     Std-Dev-Tra                             Off 
     Std-Dev-Time                            Off 
     MIP-Sag                                 Off 
     MIP-Cor                                 Off 
     MIP-Tra                                 Off 
     MIP-Time                                Off 
     Radial MIP                              Off 
     Save original images                    On 
     Distortion Corr.                        Off 
     Save original images                    On 
     Number of radial views                  1 
     Axis of radial views                    L-R 
     MPR Sag                                 Off 
     MPR Cor                                 Off 
     MPR Tra                                 Off 

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