On Saturday, July 19, 2025 at 5:17:32 AM UTC-6 John Clark wrote:

On Fri, Jul 18, 2025 at 8:18 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:

 > *the red shift increases, implying increasing recessional velocity.*


*The above statement is the source of your confusion. You cannot conclude 
that if there is a redshift then there must be a recessional 
velocity because the movement of something through space is just one way to 
produce a redshift, there are two other ways that it can happen:*


You previously agreed that although there could be more than one cause of 
red shift, with one exception it always indicates recessional velocity from 
the pov of the observer measuring that red shift. The exception is 
gravitational red shift. AG 


*1) The space between the Earth and very distant objects could be 
expanding. *

*2) The light may have to fight its way out of a strong gravitational 
field. But we know that can't be a major factor in forming the redshift we 
see from very distant galaxies because, from gravitational lensing, we can 
determine that the gravitational field around those galaxies is not nearly 
strong enough to produce such a massive redshift.    *

 *John K Clark    See what's on my new list at  Extropolis 
<https://groups.google.com/g/extropolis>*
{(% 

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