On Jul 8, 2019, at 12:42 PM, Michael J. Sheldon <mshel...@godaddy.com> wrote:
> If a record is requested from an authoritative server, where the zone does 
> not exist, generally the response is REFUSED, but *this is not cached* by the 
> requesting server. This results in a nearly continuous stream of retries, 
> which continue to result in the same response. Our authoritative servers see 
> no less than 15%, and sometimes as much as 25% of our worldwide traffic as 
> these non-authoritative responses.

A zone that doesn’t exist is actually a name that doesn’t exist under the 
enclosing zone that does exist, which may be the root zone.  Are you saying 
that if I look up a name that is a subdomain of a name that doesn’t exist, that 
is handled differently than a name that is a subdomain of a name that is a 
zone, or something different?   I’m not disputing the observed behavior—I’m 
just not clear on what that is.

To put it another way, if you get a REFUSED from a server, that server is not 
authoritative for the name that you requested.   Is the situation that you have 
a delegation from one server to another where the other is not actually 
configured to be authoritative for the delegated zone?   If so, that is indeed 
an interesting conundrum.

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