On 20/03/2025 03:22, J wrote:

But before this oopsie deletion I have saved as a back-up at least something from /boot folder, or maybe even everything.

Copy files from backup to /boot and to the EFI system partition

EFI/debian/BOOTX64.CSV
EFI/debian/fbx64.efi
EFI/debian/grub.cfg
EFI/debian/grubx64.efi
EFI/debian/mmx64.efi
EFI/debian/shimx64.efi

Check if a boot entry pointing to \EFI\debian\shimx64.efi exists in UEFI NVRAM

    efibootmgr -v

and create it otherwise. UEFI (BIOS) may have an option to boot from a specified .efi file and it may be an alternative for recovery.

1) I have created a new ESP partition (on the other disc), so that to make it different from Windows boot drive. BTW, is it OK to have two partitions with ESP and boot flags..?

It depends on UEFI implementation. If you have separate disks for Windows and for Debian then I find it reasonable to have independent EFI partitions on each drive. Just ensure that the boot entry points to the proper partition. As first step to boot installed Debian I would restore EFI/debian to the existing partition.

Perhaps you may find some hints on the wiki page
https://wiki.debian.org/UEFI

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