On 27/08/2023 10:23, David wrote:
On Sun, 2023-08-27 at 10:16 +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
On 26/08/2023 19:08, Haines Brown wrote:
\documentclass[12pt]{article} %
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel} % to make Greek charactes
available

It seems, you are overestimating effect. You still need to provide
fontenc containing Greek characters. Unless you have real reasons to
avoid LuaTeX, I recommend you to use lualatex instead of pdflatex.

To be clear, babel does some high level job: loading hyphenation patterns, configures \selectlanguage and \foreignlanguage commands. If I read docs in /usr/share/doc/texlive-doc/generic/babel-greek/ correctly, to allow "Ω" and other Greek letters in PdfLaTeX, it is necessary to add

    \usepackage{textalpha}

The fontenc package may map ASCII characters to Greek letters.

No need for any of it, just insert --- for an em dash and -- for an en
dash with numbers.

I do not see a real reason to prohibit Unicode "—" EM DASH character nowadays. Moreover, dashes and spaces around them depends on particular language. Likely it is not the case of Greek however. There are variety of dashes besides --- and --:

\cdash--- ”--- Cyrillic emdash in plain text.
\cdash--~ ”--~ Cyrillic emdash in compound names (as in
               Mendeleev”--~Klapeiron).
\cdash--* ”--* Cyrillic emdash for denoting direct speech.

As to LuaLaTeX, CMU (Computer Modern Unicode) fonts has better coverage of various characters than default Latin Modern fonts

\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{CMU Serif}
\setsansfont{CMU Sans Serif}
\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text}

I can say nothing concerning its quality in respect to printed documents in comparison to DejaVu or Noto.

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