Hi, Wolfgang,

Thank you for your reply. I am learning dealii to build up a geothermal 
model, which includes a Laplace equation and a heat transfer considering 
both convection and diffusion. The Laplace equation describes a pressure 
distibution in a site with several wellbores. The heat transfer equation 
describes the site temperature change with the change in the wellbore 
temperature. I think the model can be established by combining Step-4 and 
Step-31. Do you think these two example code is good for our model? Thank 
you very much.

Best,

Xiang

On Tuesday, October 22, 2019 at 9:02:48 PM UTC-7, Wolfgang Bangerth wrote:
>
> On 10/22/19 10:41 AM, Xiang Sun wrote: 
> > 
> > In step-31, why did you define the residual by multiplying T^(a-1)? What 
> does 
> > "a" mean? Thank you very much. 
>
> I assume you mean here? 
>
> https://dealii.org/developer/doxygen/deal.II/step_31.html#Stabilizationweakformandspacediscretizationforthetemperatureequation
>  
>
> To understand the form stated there, you have to go back to the paper by 
> Guermond and Popov. In essence, this goes back to some deep theory about 
> hyperbolic equations that says that a weak solution is a physical solution 
> only if it satisfies an entropy inequality. There are many ways to define 
> an 
> entropy pair (a pair of functions), and one of these is to choose E=T^a. 
> The 
> differential inequality E then has to satisfy is obtained by multiplying 
> the 
> equation for T by T^{a-1}. 
>
> The theory is not particularly simple, and requires substantial background 
> of 
> hyperbolic equations. Going to the papers by Guermond and coauthors will 
> give 
> you the necessary insight. 
>
> Best 
>   W. 
>
> -- 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
> Wolfgang Bangerth          email:                 bang...@colostate.edu 
> <javascript:> 
>                             www: http://www.math.colostate.edu/~bangerth/ 
>
>

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