mchades commented on code in PR #13512:
URL: https://github.com/apache/gravitino/pull/13512#discussion_r4163095020


##########
server/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/server/web/rest/SemanticModelSourceValidator.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.gravitino.server.web.rest;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import org.apache.gravitino.Entity;
+import org.apache.gravitino.NameIdentifier;
+import org.apache.gravitino.authorization.AuthorizationRequestContext;
+import org.apache.gravitino.authorization.GravitinoAuthorizer;
+import org.apache.gravitino.catalog.TableDispatcher;
+import org.apache.gravitino.catalog.ViewDispatcher;
+import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.ForbiddenException;
+import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.IllegalSemanticModelException;
+import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.NotFoundException;
+import org.apache.gravitino.rel.Column;
+import org.apache.gravitino.semantic.Dataset;
+import org.apache.gravitino.semantic.Relationship;
+import org.apache.gravitino.semantic.SemanticModelDefinition;
+import org.apache.gravitino.server.authorization.GravitinoAuthorizerProvider;
+import 
org.apache.gravitino.server.authorization.expression.AuthorizationExpressionConstants;
+import 
org.apache.gravitino.server.authorization.expression.AuthorizationExpressionEvaluator;
+import org.apache.gravitino.utils.NameIdentifierUtil;
+
+/** Validates source visibility, existence, and explicit column references 
before model writes. */
+public class SemanticModelSourceValidator {
+  private final TableDispatcher tables;
+  private final ViewDispatcher views;
+  private final Supplier<GravitinoAuthorizer> authorizer;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a validator using the server's authorizer, including its 
disabled-mode pass-through.
+   *
+   * @param tables table metadata dispatcher
+   * @param views view metadata dispatcher
+   */
+  @Inject
+  public SemanticModelSourceValidator(TableDispatcher tables, ViewDispatcher 
views) {
+    this(tables, views, () -> 
GravitinoAuthorizerProvider.getInstance().getGravitinoAuthorizer());
+  }
+
+  SemanticModelSourceValidator(
+      TableDispatcher tables, ViewDispatcher views, 
Supplier<GravitinoAuthorizer> authorizer) {
+    this.tables = tables;
+    this.views = views;
+    this.authorizer = authorizer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validates every dataset source and key or relationship column under the 
current caller.
+   *
+   * <p>This method must run even when authorization is disabled. It does not 
interpret SQL
+   * expressions or validate transitive view dependencies. Connection failures 
propagate unchanged.
+   *
+   * @param metalake the request's metalake, also used for cross-catalog 
source references
+   * @param definition the complete definition to validate before persistence
+   */
+  public void validate(String metalake, SemanticModelDefinition definition) {
+    AuthorizationRequestContext context = new AuthorizationRequestContext();
+    GravitinoAuthorizer currentAuthorizer = authorizer.get();
+    Map<String, Set<String>> datasetColumns = new HashMap<>();
+    Map<NameIdentifier, Set<String>> sourceColumns = new HashMap<>();
+    for (Dataset dataset : definition.datasets()) {
+      NameIdentifier source = dataset.source();
+      if (source.namespace().length() != 2) {
+        throw new IllegalSemanticModelException("Source must contain 
catalog.schema.name");
+      }
+      NameIdentifier ident =
+          NameIdentifier.of(
+              metalake, source.namespace().level(0), 
source.namespace().level(1), source.name());
+      Set<String> columns =
+          sourceColumns.computeIfAbsent(ident, key -> loadColumns(key, 
currentAuthorizer, context));
+      datasetColumns.put(dataset.name(), columns);
+      checkColumns(dataset.name(), dataset.primaryKey(), columns);
+      if (dataset.uniqueKeys() != null) {
+        for (String[] key : dataset.uniqueKeys()) {
+          checkColumns(dataset.name(), key, columns);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (definition.relationships() != null) {
+      for (Relationship relationship : definition.relationships()) {
+        checkColumns(
+            relationship.from(),
+            relationship.fromColumns(),
+            datasetColumns.get(relationship.from()));
+        checkColumns(
+            relationship.to(), relationship.toColumns(), 
datasetColumns.get(relationship.to()));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Set<String> loadColumns(
+      NameIdentifier ident,
+      GravitinoAuthorizer currentAuthorizer,
+      AuthorizationRequestContext context) {
+    boolean tableAllowed =
+        canLoad(
+            ident,
+            Entity.EntityType.TABLE,
+            
AuthorizationExpressionConstants.LOAD_TABLE_AUTHORIZATION_EXPRESSION,
+            currentAuthorizer,
+            context);
+    if (tableAllowed) {
+      try {
+        return columnNames(ident, tables.loadTable(ident).columns());
+      } catch (NotFoundException missing) {
+        // The untyped source can also refer to a logical view. Authorize that 
lookup separately.
+      }
+    }
+    boolean viewAllowed =
+        canLoad(
+            ident,
+            Entity.EntityType.VIEW,
+            
AuthorizationExpressionConstants.LOAD_VIEW_AUTHORIZATION_EXPRESSION,
+            currentAuthorizer,
+            context);
+    if (viewAllowed) {
+      try {
+        return columnNames(ident, views.loadView(ident).columns());
+      } catch (NotFoundException missing) {

Review Comment:
   [P2] Handle catalogs without View support during source fallback
   
   For a missing table in a JDBC catalog, the table lookup throws 
`NoSuchTableException`, but this fallback throws 
`UnsupportedOperationException` because `JdbcCatalogOperations` does not 
implement `ViewCatalog`. Only `NotFoundException` is caught, so create and 
`replaceDefinition` return 501 instead of 400, including with authorization 
disabled. Check View support before falling back and report a missing source 
when neither supported kind resolves; add a regression case for a catalog 
without View support.



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