On 2025-01-31 15:18, Wayne S via cctalk wrote:
Steve, remember that digital electronics ( I.E. integrated circuits like uarts) 
 weren’t around during the early days of data transmission. It was all analog 
back then, coils, capacitors, and resistors, so then ideas regarding fast 
transmission had to wait for the technology to evolve. Then as ic’s became 
available, what you could do with them sparked new ideas. Example: data 
compression within the modem using a microprocessor, thus getting higher 
overall throughput than the theoretical maximum of just the modulation rate.



Sent from my iPhone


Or maybe electro-mechanical some early machines used a brush turned by a synchronous motor over a circular commutator that had segments for each bit.  On transmit when you pressed a key you closed switches connected to the data bit segments and the motor rotated the brush around once to transmit the character.  When receiving the incoming start bit would start the motor and as the brush went around it would pick solenoids to select the correct character and the stop bits(s) would trip the cycle clutch to print the character.

Paul.

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