> On May 11, 2019, at 11:26 PM, Jon Elson via cctalk <cctalk@classiccmp.org>
> wrote:
>
> On 05/11/2019 06:14 PM, Warren Toomey via cctalk wrote:
>> I'm building my own 8-bit CPU from TTL chips, and this caused me to think:
>> how were 32-bit minis built in the late 70s and early 80s? In particular,
>> how was the ALU built? I know about the 74181 4-bit ALU, and I know (from
>> reading A Soul of a New Machine) that PALs were also used.
>>
>> Did companies get custom chips fabricated, or was it all off-the-shelf chips
>> with a few PALs sprinkled in?
>>
> There were also the AMD2901, 2903, 29203 family of bit-slice components, with
> the 2910 sequencer.
The VAX 730 was built with 2901s.
DEC used 2901s in other places too; the UDA50 was built that way (2901 with
2910 sequencer). They had a custom assembler with two opcodes per line, one
for the ALU and one for the sequencer. The condition codes were those from the
preceding instruction, not the current ALU instruction, so you could see
oddball stuff like this:
clr r0; bne foo
A bit like branch delay slot programming in MIPS...
On the subject of custom chips: DEC used gate arrays a lot. For example there
is the Pro 380 in which much of the discrete chip logic from the Pro 350 has
been absorbed into one or two gate arrays, with all the unnecessary flexibility
of the original chips omitted. Those were CMOS I believe.
The Western Research Lab (in Palo Alto, down the road from Stanford) had a
project somewhat later to build VLSI full-custom designs in ECL. They built a
whole set of design tools that were very clever, allowing mixing of description
anywhere from geometry to C-like programs. And the actual layout generation
was rule-based so they could switch to a different factory that used different
design rules with pretty much just a recompilation of the design. They needed
that; there were a number of ECL fabs at the time but they were all shutting
down. They designed a 1 GHz Alpha, and/or MIPS, and built a number of test
chips but I don't know that a complete CPU was ever made. They also did early
work on how to power and cool high powered chips; those designs ran over 100
watts which at the time was utterly unheard of.
There are some internal tech reports documenting this work; I don't know that
any of it was ever published outside.
paul
