Well, the situation had worsened on my M9301 to the point where every single word was affected, and then it was easy to see that it was always in the least-significant four bits. So I pulled and reseated that PROM, then went ahead and did the other three as well for good measure (really should have just tried this first!), and things got totally back to normal.
Even better news: I was subsequently able to dump the contents of my M9301-YB, and found they do indeed exactly match the contents that Noel has posted in his M9301-YB disassembly. So I think Noel’s dump can be considered verified/authoritative. cheers, —FritzM.