This does work after all. The thing to note here is that Gnome integrates ibus, so the manual use of ibus-daemon and ibus-setup is not guaranteed to work when using Gnome.
Instead the Region settings should be used. It is important to remove any residual ibus state, including the ibus registry at .cache/ibus/bus/registry. This all worked fine once I removed ibus and ibus-libpinyin from the user profile and cleared all ibus state in my home directory. This command dconf dump /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/ should indicate that the “sources” key contains the pair “('ibus', 'libpinyin')”. -- Ricardo