Unfortunately I had some trouble using that patch with GNU Emacs, which wants to avoid bringing in a lot of Gnulib code for various reasons. The trouble is that this change to nstrftime brings in the hard-locale module, which brings in a bunch of other stuff.

To remove this dependency I installed the attached patch, which takes a stab at fixing the MS-Windows %c problem in a different way. I hope it's good enough. If not, perhaps on MS-Windows nstrftime can test whether it's a hard locale by invoking the underlying strftime with a %B for tm_mon==4 and see whether that generates "May". Or something like that.
From 66de6c8f05c0207c16581f2a5f1c2796868ba51b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <egg...@cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 22:00:59 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] nstrftime: remove dependency on hard-locale
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GNU Emacs would rather keep dependencies to a minimum,
and hard-locale brings in some other stuff.
* lib/strftime.c: Include locale.h only if (USE_C_LOCALE &&
HAVE_STRFTIME_L) || ((defined __NetBSD__ || defined __sun) &&
REQUIRE_GNUISH_STRFTIME_AM_PM). Do not include hard-locale.h.
(libc_hidden_def): On native MS-Windows, use the C locale %c
format regardless of language.  I hope that’s good enough.
If not, let’s try to think of a way of solving the problem
that doesn’t require using hard_locale.
* modules/nstrftime (Depends-on): Remove hard-locale.
* modules/nstrftime-tests (test_nstrftime_LDADD):
Remove $(HARD_LOCALE_LIB).
* tests/test-nstrftime.h (locales_test):
Add a test that I hope works on French MS-Windows.
---
 ChangeLog               | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 lib/strftime.c          | 14 ++++++--------
 modules/nstrftime       |  1 -
 modules/nstrftime-tests |  2 +-
 tests/test-nstrftime.h  |  1 +
 5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index bd38e2a79d..787edff23d 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,21 @@
+2024-06-03  Paul Eggert  <egg...@cs.ucla.edu>
+
+	nstrftime: remove dependency on hard-locale
+	GNU Emacs would rather keep dependencies to a minimum,
+	and hard-locale brings in some other stuff.
+	* lib/strftime.c: Include locale.h only if (USE_C_LOCALE &&
+	HAVE_STRFTIME_L) || ((defined __NetBSD__ || defined __sun) &&
+	REQUIRE_GNUISH_STRFTIME_AM_PM). Do not include hard-locale.h.
+	(libc_hidden_def): On native MS-Windows, use the C locale %c
+	format regardless of language.  I hope that’s good enough.
+	If not, let’s try to think of a way of solving the problem
+	that doesn’t require using hard_locale.
+	* modules/nstrftime (Depends-on): Remove hard-locale.
+	* modules/nstrftime-tests (test_nstrftime_LDADD):
+	Remove $(HARD_LOCALE_LIB).
+	* tests/test-nstrftime.h (locales_test):
+	Add a test that I hope works on French MS-Windows.
+
 2024-06-03  Paul Eggert  <egg...@cs.ucla.edu>
 
 	ieee754-h: port to Android NDK r26
diff --git a/lib/strftime.c b/lib/strftime.c
index 8eeea45ef4..5f1e76833f 100644
--- a/lib/strftime.c
+++ b/lib/strftime.c
@@ -92,13 +92,14 @@ extern char *tzname[];
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <locale.h>
+#if USE_C_LOCALE && HAVE_STRFTIME_L
+# include <locale.h>
+#endif
+
 #if (defined __NetBSD__ || defined __sun) && REQUIRE_GNUISH_STRFTIME_AM_PM
+# include <locale.h>
 # include "localename.h"
 #endif
-#if !USE_C_LOCALE
-# include "hard-locale.h"
-#endif
 
 #include "attribute.h"
 #include <intprops.h>
@@ -1292,10 +1293,7 @@ __strftime_internal (STREAM_OR_CHAR_T *s, STRFTIME_ARG (size_t maxsize)
           subfmt = L_("%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y");
 #elif defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
           /* On native Windows, "%c" is "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S" by default.  */
-          if (hard_locale (LC_TIME))
-            subfmt = L_("%a %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S");
-          else
-            subfmt = L_("%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y");
+          subfmt = L_("%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y");
 #else
           goto underlying_strftime;
 #endif
diff --git a/modules/nstrftime b/modules/nstrftime
index a9e86fb1f8..e2f852a16b 100644
--- a/modules/nstrftime
+++ b/modules/nstrftime
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ c99
 errno
 extensions
 intprops
-hard-locale
 libc-config
 localename-unsafe-limited
 stdbool
diff --git a/modules/nstrftime-tests b/modules/nstrftime-tests
index 40ea1bd199..b5c6ac2fa5 100644
--- a/modules/nstrftime-tests
+++ b/modules/nstrftime-tests
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ TESTS_ENVIRONMENT += \
   LOCALE_FR='@LOCALE_FR@' \
   LOCALE_FR_UTF8='@LOCALE_FR_UTF8@'
 check_PROGRAMS += test-nstrftime
-test_nstrftime_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(SETLOCALE_LIB) $(HARD_LOCALE_LIB)
+test_nstrftime_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(SETLOCALE_LIB)
diff --git a/tests/test-nstrftime.h b/tests/test-nstrftime.h
index b822f3acd1..80edc7aaec 100644
--- a/tests/test-nstrftime.h
+++ b/tests/test-nstrftime.h
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ locales_test (language_t language)
       ASSERT (STREQ (buf, "jeu. 26 oct. 2017 06:40:03") /* glibc, Cygwin */
               || STREQ (buf, "jeu. 26 oct. 06:40:03 2017") /* FreeBSD */
               || STREQ (buf, "Jeu 26 oct 06:40:03 2017") /* macOS, older FreeBSD */
+              || STREQ (buf, "Jeu oct. 26 06:40:03 2017") /* MS-Windows */
               || STREQ (buf, "26 octobre 2017 06:40:03") /* NetBSD */
               || STREQ (buf, "26 octobre 2017 à 06:40:03") /* Solaris (UTF-8) */
               || STREQ (buf, "26 octobre 2017 \340 06:40:03") /* Solaris (ISO-8859-1) */);
-- 
2.43.0

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