--- Dan Minette <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> My numbers indicate that about 20% of the cost of
> drugs goes into
> development, cost and production, and that the rest
> is systematic overhead.

I can't comment on this much (for obvious reasons).  I
think 20% is a little low, though.

> I really don't disagree with you concerning the
> problems inherent in
> demanding cheap AIDs drugs, one way or another, we
> need to pay for the
> research and development.  But, putting my rational
> advisor hat on, I'd
> argue that a successful drug company should do no
> real breakthrough
> developments.  Rather, is should focus on developing
> patentable small
> variations in the chemical compound already used. 
> Look for small
> advantages, and then market the heck out of them. 
> The development risks
> are minimal, as are the market risks.  Indeed, from
> what I've read, this is
> the model drug companies are going to.  Its not that
> they wouldn't market a
> cure; its that, when ideas are pitched, the low risk
> higher gain ideas will
> get the money first.

There is certainly a lot of truth to this - that is
the way drug companies are going.  I think, though, it
has more to do with how incredibly hard drug
development has become.  A truly revolutionary and
innovative new drug wouldn't _need_ to be marketed
nearly as much, and so could become much more
profitable...but no one is having much success getting
those new drugs.  Pfizer, the largest drug company in
the world, is famous for the effectiveness of its
sales force, not its R&D.

That being said, it's possible to vastly underrate the
importance of those small changes in the molecules. 
One example would be Lipitor, Pfizer's uberdrug. 
Lipitor is the largest drug in the world (it will
cross the $10BB threshold this year).  It is not a
particularly innovative drug - the first statin was
Merck's lovastatin, but then you had Pravachol
(pravastatin), and Zocor (simvastatin).  All of those
are fairly close to lovastatin - they're all HMG-CoA
reductase inhibitors with fairly similar mechanisms of
action (pravastatin is fat soluble, the others water
soluble, but they're all pretty similar).  Anyways, so
then Warner-Lambert discovered atorvastatin, and
Pfizer bought Warner-Lambert pretty much solely for
Lipitor and turned it into what it is today.  So
Lipitor is almost the perfect example of a small
molecular change drug that you market the hell out of
- it was, I think, the _fifth_ statin - lova, prava,
fluva, simva, and finally atorva.  I can't remember
whether Baycol (cerivastatin) came out before Lipitor
or not.  Anyways, the point of all this is that
Lipitor is a small tweaking of the molecule, and it's
not terribly innovative.  Except...Lipitor is _twice_
as effective as its major competitors.  It's only a
small molecular change, but it's hugely more powerful
and more effective.  In fact, as PROVE-IT just
demonstrated, its superior power has really
significant medical effects, and ASCOT has shown that
it has really powerful benefits for diabetics as well.
 Incidentally, as a public service announcement - if
you're a diabetic and you read this, _you have to be
on a statin if you can tolerate them_.  It doesn't
matter what your cholesterol count is.  Without
rewarding those small molecular changes - we wouldn't
have gotten Lipitor.

All of that being said - there's certainly an
innovation problem.  I don't think it's necessarily
because of economic calculations (as I said above). 
But that innovative role is now being taken over by
the biotech startups.  One reason (in my judgment, the
most important reason) that the biotech startups get
VC funding so easily is precisely because of the vast
financial reources of big pharma - because the exit
strategy of a lot of VCs is having the company they
fund being bought by a pharmaco, which can use its
production capabilities and sales force to market the
innovative new drugs that they develop.  So even if
the economics dictatted marginal adjustments, as you
say, that helps to stimulate innovation a great deal.

> This type of overhead grates on people. I can't
> prove that it isn't
> necessary.   Maybe attempts to lower the overhead
> costs will just raise
> costs.  However, I do know that the US spends much
> more per capita on
> medical costs than do other developed countries.
> without a corresponding
> superiority in measurements of the health of the
> population. Part of it may
> be that we pay for the drug development for the rest
> of the world.  But, I
> also think there is tremendous inefficiency in our
> system.  I think we
> could do better.
> 
> Dan M.

I have no doubt that we can do better, I just don't
think that pharma is the place to do it.  First, while
I don't remember the exact figures, pharma only
accounts for about 10% of medical spending in the US. 
So it doesn't necessarily seem like the best place to
cut.  Other countries cut medical expenses by doing
things like holding down doctor's salaries, minimizing
elective procedures, and having rational tort systems
- any and all of those would probably do a lot more to
cut health care costs than going after pharma.

=====
Gautam Mukunda
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
"Freedom is not free"
http://www.mukunda.blogspot.com


        
                
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