I have an interesting problem. I started noticing that when I do a dig
+trace against one of the domains we are authoritative for, we get errors
from our nameservers for "Bad Referral" and you can see where it forwarded
the request back up the namespace tree instead of giving the answer.
Unfortunately I am unable to reproduce this problem at the moment. However
I can reproduce the Bad (HORIZONTAL) referral. Basically once the query is
referred to our name server I see this:
;; BAD (HORIZONTAL) REFERRAL
;; Received 187 bytes from x.x.x.x#53(ns.example.com in 2 ms
Sometimes this loops until I reach the "too many lookups" error and it just
gives up, or it will stop and try our other server which then gets an
answer. Here's the interesting part. If I was to perform a simple dig A
lookup against the server that continusouly failed the trace, I get an
answer and a correct one. If I then turn around and do the dig +trace
against that same query again *it never fails again.* Its almost like
records are being cached somewhere and after it expires, then you will
start to see the message again. Can anyone help me figure out what id going
on here? Here is info about our environment.
1)RHEL 6 running BIND 9.8.2
2)Public facing auhtoritative Master and Slave Server."
3)Servers are setup in a "view" configuration. (dual-view - one for
"internal" one for external)
4)It seems like we just started to see these oddities after implementing
views.
5)Queries that hit the internal view are forwarded to the external view for
zones not contained in the internal view. We use the loopback IP to acheive
this.
6) These authoritative servers are also setup to answer non-authoritative
queries with recusrion through the use of the recusion statement and root
"hint" zone.
Here is our setup simplified.
Master server:
acl ext_trusted {
x.x.x.x; // trusted net external
}; // end of "ext_trusted" ACL definition.
ccl int_trusted {
x.x.x.x; // trusted internal
}; // end of ACL for "int_trusted"
options {
directory "/var/named";
recursive-clients 30000;
tcp-clients 2000;
check-names master ignore;
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named.stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem/stats.txt";
zone-statistics yes;
cleaning-interval 30;
// Listen on ipv4: // Adding localhost for view forwarding
listen-on port 53 { x.x.x.x; 127.0.0.1; };
// And, also listen on ipv6:
// loopback is required for view forwarding do not remove
listen-on-v6 { ::1; x.x.x.x; };
// Enforce the Customer DNS Query ACL Defined Above:
allow-query { ext_trusted; int_trusted; };
// Enforce the Zone-Transfer ACL Defined Above:
// This will now be defined on a "per view" basis
//allow-transfer { other_ns; };
};
key "internal" {
algorithm HMAC-SHA512;
secret "xxxxxxxxx";
};
key "external" {
algorithm HMAC-SHA512;
secret "xxxxxxxx";
};
view "internal" {
match-clients { !key external; int_trusted; key internal; };
//IP of slave server
server x.x.x.x {
keys { internal; };
};
server x.x.x.x {
keys { internal; };
};
also-notify { //slave servers go here
x.x.x.x; x.x.x.x;
};
allow-transfer { key internal; local_ns; int_ns; };
empty-zones-enable no;
server fe80::/16 { bogus yes; };
server 0.0.0.0/8 {bogus yes; };
zone "example.org" {
type master;
file "db.eample.org";
allow-query { int_trusted; };
};
forwarders {
// forward to external view //
127.0.0.1; ::1;
};
forward only;
};
view "external" {
match-clients { any; };
//IP of slave server
server x.x.x.x {
keys { external; };
};
server x.x.x.x {
keys { external; };
};
also-notify { //IP address of slave server
x.x.x.x; x.x.x.x;
};
allow-transfer { key external; ext_ns; local_ns; };
server fe80::/16 { bogus yes; };
server 0.0.0.0/8 {bogus yes; };
empty-zones-enable yes;
recursion yes;
allow-recursion { any; };
zone "." {
type hint;
file "/var/named/named.ca";
};
zone "example.org" {
type master;
file "db.eampleout.org";
allow-query { any; };
};
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "db.eample.com";
allow-query { any; };
};
};
Slave server config:
acl ext_trusted {
x.x.x.x; // trusted net external
}; // end of "ext_trusted" ACL definition.
ccl int_trusted {
x.x.x.x; // trusted internal
}; // end of ACL for "int_trusted"
options {
directory "/var/named/slaves";
recursive-clients 30000;
tcp-clients 2000;
check-names master ignore;
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
cleaning-interval 30;
// Listen on ipv4:
// Change this to the proper IP address if you ever switch back!
// loopback is required for view forwarding do not remove
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; x.,x.x.x;; };
// And, also listen on ipv6:
// Configure ipv6 before uncommenting this:
// loopback is required for view forwarding do not remove
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; x,x.x.x; ;
// Enforce the "trusted" ACL defined at the begining of this config file:
allow-query { ext_trusted; int_trusted; };
};
key "internal" {
algorithm HMAC-SHA512;
secret "xxxxxxxxx";
};
key "external" {
algorithm HMAC-SHA512;
secret "xxxxxxxx";
};
view "internal" {
match-clients { !key external; int_trusted; key internal; };
//IP of master server
server x.x.x.x {
keys { internal; };
};
server x.x.x.x. {
keys { internal; };
};
allow-transfer { key internal; local_ns; int_ns; };
transfer-source x.x.x.x.;
empty-zones-enable no;
server fe80::/16 { bogus yes; };
server 0.0.0.0/8 {bogus yes; };
zone "example.org" {
type slave;
file "db.example.org";
masters { x.x.x.x; x.x.x.x; };
allow-query { int_trusted; };
};
forwarders {
// forward to external view //
127.0.0.1; ::1;
};
forward only;
};
view "external" {
match-clients { any; };
//IP of master server
server x.x.x.x {
keys { external; };
};
//IPv6
server x.x.x.x. {
keys { external; };
};
allow-transfer { key external; ext_ns; local_ns; };
transfer-source x.x.x.x;
server fe80::/16 { bogus yes; };
server 0.0.0.0/8 {bogus yes; };
empty-zones-enable yes;
recursion yes;
allow-recursion { any; };
zone "." {
type hint;
// file "cache";
file "/var/named/named.ca";
};
zone "example.org" {
type slave;
file "db.exampleout.org";
masters { x.x.x.x; x.x.x.x; };
allow-query { any; };
};
zone "example.com" {
type master;
file "db.eample.com";
allow-query { any; };
};
};
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