David Arnold wrote: > All, > > If: > > $state={}; Now state is a reference to an anonymous HASH
> > Then, what is: > > !$state This is '' (i.e. "false"), because the ! operator returns 1 ("true") only for the values '', 0, and undef. Any reference will be "true" in this test, even a reference to a false value. Consider: $foo = \0; !$foo is false, because $foo is a reference !$$foo is true, because the scalar $foo refers to is false Make sense? -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <http://learn.perl.org/> <http://learn.perl.org/first-response>