CVSROOT: /web/www Module name: www Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/12/29 09:27:05
Modified files: philosophy : words-to-avoid.it.html philosophy/po : europes-unitary-patent.translist philosophy.zh-cn.po words-to-avoid.it-en.html words-to-avoid.it.po Added files: philosophy : europes-unitary-patent.ru.html philosophy/po : europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html Log message: Automatic update by GNUnited Nations. CVSWeb URLs: http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4 http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1 Patches: Index: words-to-avoid.it.html =================================================================== RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html,v retrieving revision 1.6 retrieving revision 1.7 diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7 --- words-to-avoid.it.html 29 Dec 2011 01:26:12 -0000 1.6 +++ words-to-avoid.it.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:53 -0000 1.7 @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ un'opinione che speriamo non condividiate per intero.</p> <div class="announcement"> -Vedete anche <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorie di Software +Vedere anche <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorie di Software Libero</a>.</div> <p> @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ brevettati Ogg Vorbis e FLAC, e potrebbero anche non supportare i file MP3, proprio per evitare problemi di brevetti. Chiamare “MP3 player” un dispositivo del genere non solo fa confusione, ma mette il formato MP3 in -un'immeritate posizione di privilegio che incoraggia la gente a utilizzare +un'immeritata posizione di privilegio che incoraggia la gente a utilizzare quel problematico formato. Suggeriamo il termine “riproduttore audio digitale” o semplicamente “riproduttore audio” se adatto al contesto.</p> @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ <!-- timestamp start --> Ultimo aggiornamento: -$Date: 2011/12/29 01:26:12 $ +$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:53 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> Index: po/europes-unitary-patent.translist =================================================================== RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist,v retrieving revision 1.3 retrieving revision 1.4 diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4 --- po/europes-unitary-patent.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:23 -0000 1.3 +++ po/europes-unitary-patent.translist 29 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.4 @@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ <!-- English --> <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.en.html">English</a> [en]</li> <!-- French --> -<li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> +<li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> <!-- Polish --> <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> +<!-- Russian --> +<li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li> </ul> </div> <!-- id="translations" --> <!-- end translinks file --> Index: po/philosophy.zh-cn.po =================================================================== RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po,v retrieving revision 1.23 retrieving revision 1.24 diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24 --- po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 29 Dec 2011 03:29:13 -0000 1.23 +++ po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 29 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.24 @@ -6,99 +6,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-29 20:27-0300\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-12-19 20:25-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-05-01 05:56-0400\n" "Last-Translator: Li Fanxi <lifa...@freemindworld.com>\n" "Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translat...@gnu.org>\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Outdated-Since: 2011-12-19 20:25-0500\n" "Language: zh\n" # type: Content of: <title> +#. type: Content of: <title> msgid "" "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)" msgstr "GNU å·¥ç¨çå²å¦ - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ (FSF)" # type: Content of: <h2> +#. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project" msgstr "GNU å·¥ç¨çå²å¦" # type: Content of: <p> +#. type: Content of: <p> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated by " +#| "the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an " +#| "introduction to that philosophy, links to the latest articles we have on " +#| "the subject, and links to further resources." msgid "" "Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated by " "the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an " -"introduction to that philosophy, links to the latest articles we have on the " -"subject, and links to further resources." +"introduction to that philosophy." msgstr "" "èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨ççå²å¦ï¼æ¿å±çæ们ä¸æè¿è¡ GNU èªç±è½¯ä»¶çå¼åãæ¬é¡µé¢ä»ç» GNU " "çå²å¦ï¼å¹¶æä¾äºä¸äºç¸å ³çæç« åèµæºé¾æ¥ã" -# type: Content of: <h3> -msgid "Latest Articles" -msgstr "ææ°æç« " - -# type: Content of: <p> -msgid "" -"Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free software " -"and the GNU project." -msgstr "以ä¸æ¯ææ°å表çæå ³èªç±è½¯ä»¶å GNU å·¥ç¨çæç« ã" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For " -"Your Copyright</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For " -"Your Copyright (è±æ)</a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free " -"Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free " -"Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google </a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-" -"economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and " -"the other clown taketh away</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-" -"economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and " -"the other clown taketh away ï¼è±æï¼</a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does That " -"Server Really Serve?</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does That " -"Server Really Serve?</a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign the " -"Public Domain Manifesto</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign the " -"Public Domain Manifesto</a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to the " -"GNU GPL</a>" -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to the " -"GNU GPL</a>" - -# type: Content of: <h3> -msgid "About Free Software" -msgstr "å ³äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶" - # type: Content of: <p> +#. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software " "in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs from material " @@ -112,22 +58,49 @@ "å°è¢«å¤å¶æä¿®æ¹ãæ°æ°æ¯è¿ä¸ç¹æ§ï¼ä½¿å¾è½¯ä»¶æ´ä¸ºæç¨ãæ们ç±æ¤åä¿¡ï¼è½¯ä»¶çè¿ä¸å¤©" "ç¶å±æ§åºè¯¥è¢«ç¨æ·å©ç¨ã" +#. type: Content of: <p> +msgid "For further reading, please select a section from the menu above." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <p> +msgid "" +"We also maintain a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/latest-articles.html\">most " +"recently added articles</a>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <h3> +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "" + # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>" msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU, and discussion of GNU and Linux." +#| "</a>" +msgid "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU/Linux</a>" +msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">GNU çåå²ï¼GNU ä¸ Linuxã</a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>" msgstr "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>" msgstr "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free " "Documentation</a>" @@ -136,16 +109,19 @@ "Documentation</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!" msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">Motives For Writing Free Software</a>" msgstr "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">Motives For Writing Free Software</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\">The Right to Read: A Dystopian " "Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"> Richard Stallman</a>" @@ -154,65 +130,33 @@ "Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"> Richard Stallman</a>" # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open " +#| "Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>" msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open " -"Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>" +"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why \"Open Source" +"\" misses the point of Free Software</a>" msgstr "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open " "Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>" -# type: Content of: <h3> -msgid "Links to more philosophy articles" -msgstr "æ´å¤ GNU å²å¦æç« " - -# type: Content of: <p> -msgid "" -"We have many more articles than can fit on a single page. You can find them " -"on the pages linked here." -msgstr "" -"æ们æ太å¤çæç« ä¸è½å¨è¿ä¸ä¸ªé¡µé¢ä¸å ¨é¨ååºï¼æ¨å¯ä»¥å¨ä¸é¢çé¾æ¥ä¸æ¾å°å®ä»¬ã" - # type: Content of: <ul><li> +#. type: Content of: <ul><li> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>" msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\"> Essays and articles.</a> A " -"series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software movement, " -"which is the motivation for our development of the free software operating " -"system GNU." -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\">éç¬ä¸æç« ï¼</a> ä¸ç³»åä»ç»" -"èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨å²å¦çæç« ãèªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨æ¯å¼å GNU èªç±æä½ç³»ç»çç²¾ç¥åºç¡ã" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">Speeches and interviews." -"</a> Links to interviews and Transcriptions of speeches about free software " -"and the GNU project." -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">æ¼è®²ä¸è®¿è°ï¼</a> æå ³ " -"GNU å·¥ç¨ç访è°è®°å½ä¸æ¼è®²ç¨¿ã" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU, and discussion of GNU and Linux.</" -"a>" -msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">GNU çåå²ï¼GNU ä¸ Linuxã</a>" - -# type: Content of: <ul><li> -msgid "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">Third party ideas.</a> These " -"articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of free " -"software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU project—but " -"we more or less agree with them." -msgstr "" -"<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">第ä¸æ¹è§ç¹ï¼</a> è¿äºæç« è¡¨è¾¾" -"äºå ¶å®äººå¯¹äºæ¯æèªç±è½¯ä»¶çè§ç¹æç¸å ³çäºä»¶ãè½ç¶ä»ä»¬ä¸æ¯å¨å®£ä¼ GNU å·¥ç¨ï¼æ们" -"åæ ·å¨æç§ç¨åº¦ä¸èµåä»ä»¬çè§ç¹ã" +"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments " +"can use to promote free software</a>" +msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>" # type: Content of: <p> #. please leave both these ID attributes here. ... #. ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the #. same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users #. have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len +#. type: Content of: <p> msgid "" "<a id=\"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">We</a> <a id=\"FreedomOrganizations" "\">also</a> keep a list of <a href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations" @@ -225,16 +169,23 @@ # type: Content of: <div> #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. +#. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr " " # type: Content of: <div><p> +#. type: Content of: <div><p> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:g...@gnu.org\"><" +#| "g...@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to " +#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other " +#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\"><" +#| "webmast...@gnu.org></a>." msgid "" "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:g...@gnu.org\"><" "g...@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to " -"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections " -"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu." -"org></a>." +"contact</a> the FSF." msgstr "" "请å°æå ³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ä¸ GNU çæ¥è¯¢ä¸é®é¢ï¼ä»¥è±è¯ï¼åéå°<a href=\"mailto:" "g...@gnu.org\"><g...@gnu.org></a>ãæ¨ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a href=\"/contact/\">å ¶" @@ -243,6 +194,26 @@ "webmast...@gnu.org></a>ã" # type: Content of: <div><p> +#. type: Content of: <div><p> +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:g...@gnu.org\"><" +#| "g...@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to " +#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other " +#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\"><" +#| "webmast...@gnu.org></a>." +msgid "" +"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href=" +"\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\"><webmast...@gnu.org></a>." +msgstr "" +"请å°æå ³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ä¸ GNU çæ¥è¯¢ä¸é®é¢ï¼ä»¥è±è¯ï¼åéå°<a href=\"mailto:" +"g...@gnu.org\"><g...@gnu.org></a>ãæ¨ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a href=\"/contact/\">å ¶" +"å®æ¹æ³</a> èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ã <br />åç°ä»»ä½é误åé¾æ¥æå ¶å®éè¦æ´æ£çå°æ¹" +"ï¼æä»»ä½å»ºè®®ï¼ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶è³ <a href=\"mailto:webmast...@gnu.org\"><" +"webmast...@gnu.org></a>ã" + +# type: Content of: <div><p> +#. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html" "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting " @@ -251,24 +222,20 @@ "è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html" "\">ç¿»è¯æå</a> è·åæå ³åè°åæ交翻è¯çç¸å ³äºé¡¹ã" -# type: Content of: <div><p> -msgid "" -"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, " -"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc." +#. type: Content of: <div><p> +msgid "Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" -"çæææ © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, " -"2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼" -# type: Content of: <div><p> +#. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" -"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any " -"medium, provided this notice is preserved." +"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://" +"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-" +"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>." msgstr "" -"æ¬æå 许å¨ä¸åæ´å 容çåæä¸æ é使ç¨è´¹çå ¨æå¤å¶ååå¸å¨å ¨çä»»ä½åªä½ï¼ä½éä¿" -"çæ¤æ³¨è®°åçæ声æã " # type: Content of: <div><div> #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. +#. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" "<b>ç¿»è¯</b>: æå¡å¸ 2010 <br></br>\n" @@ -276,12 +243,134 @@ # type: Content of: <div><p> #. timestamp start +#. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼" +# type: Content of: <h3> +#~ msgid "Latest Articles" +#~ msgstr "ææ°æç« " + +# type: Content of: <p> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free " +#~ "software and the GNU project." +#~ msgstr "以ä¸æ¯ææ°å表çæå ³èªç±è½¯ä»¶å GNU å·¥ç¨çæç« ã" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For " +#~ "Your Copyright</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For " +#~ "Your Copyright (è±æ)</a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free " +#~ "Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free " +#~ "Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google </a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-" +#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth " +#~ "and the other clown taketh away</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-" +#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth " +#~ "and the other clown taketh away ï¼è±æï¼</a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does " +#~ "That Server Really Serve?</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does " +#~ "That Server Really Serve?</a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign " +#~ "the Public Domain Manifesto</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign " +#~ "the Public Domain Manifesto</a>" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to " +#~ "the GNU GPL</a>" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to " +#~ "the GNU GPL</a>" + +# type: Content of: <h3> +#~ msgid "About Free Software" +#~ msgstr "å ³äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶" + +# type: Content of: <h3> +#~ msgid "Links to more philosophy articles" +#~ msgstr "æ´å¤ GNU å²å¦æç« " + +# type: Content of: <p> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "We have many more articles than can fit on a single page. You can find " +#~ "them on the pages linked here." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "æ们æ太å¤çæç« ä¸è½å¨è¿ä¸ä¸ªé¡µé¢ä¸å ¨é¨ååºï¼æ¨å¯ä»¥å¨ä¸é¢çé¾æ¥ä¸æ¾å°å®ä»¬ã" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\"> Essays and articles.</" +#~ "a> A series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software " +#~ "movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free " +#~ "software operating system GNU." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\">éç¬ä¸æç« ï¼</a> ä¸ç³»åä»" +#~ "ç»èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨å²å¦çæç« ãèªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨æ¯å¼å GNU èªç±æä½ç³»ç»çç²¾ç¥åºç¡ã" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">Speeches and " +#~ "interviews.</a> Links to interviews and Transcriptions of speeches about " +#~ "free software and the GNU project." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">æ¼è®²ä¸è®¿è°ï¼</a> æå ³ " +#~ "GNU å·¥ç¨ç访è°è®°å½ä¸æ¼è®²ç¨¿ã" + +# type: Content of: <ul><li> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">Third party ideas.</a> " +#~ "These articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of " +#~ "free software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU " +#~ "project—but we more or less agree with them." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">第ä¸æ¹è§ç¹ï¼</a> è¿äºæç« è¡¨" +#~ "è¾¾äºå ¶å®äººå¯¹äºæ¯æèªç±è½¯ä»¶çè§ç¹æç¸å ³çäºä»¶ãè½ç¶ä»ä»¬ä¸æ¯å¨å®£ä¼ GNU å·¥" +#~ "ç¨ï¼æ们åæ ·å¨æç§ç¨åº¦ä¸èµåä»ä»¬çè§ç¹ã" + +# type: Content of: <div><p> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, " +#~ "2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "çæææ © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, " +#~ "2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼" + +# type: Content of: <div><p> +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in " +#~ "any medium, provided this notice is preserved." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "æ¬æå 许å¨ä¸åæ´å 容çåæä¸æ é使ç¨è´¹çå ¨æå¤å¶ååå¸å¨å ¨çä»»ä½åªä½ï¼ä½é" +#~ "ä¿çæ¤æ³¨è®°åçæ声æã " + # type: Content of: <div><h4> -msgid "Translations of this page" -msgstr "å ¶å®è¯è¨" +#~ msgid "Translations of this page" +#~ msgstr "å ¶å®è¯è¨" # type: Content of: <ul><li> #~ msgid "" Index: po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html =================================================================== RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html,v retrieving revision 1.1 retrieving revision 1.2 diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2 --- po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html 29 Dec 2011 01:26:19 -0000 1.1 +++ po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.2 @@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ <p> Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2011/12/29 01:26:19 $ +$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:59 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> Index: po/words-to-avoid.it.po =================================================================== RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po,v retrieving revision 1.3 retrieving revision 1.4 diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4 Index: europes-unitary-patent.ru.html =================================================================== RCS file: europes-unitary-patent.ru.html diff -N europes-unitary-patent.ru.html --- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000 +++ europes-unitary-patent.ru.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:53 -0000 1.1 @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ + + +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" --> + +<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! --> +<title>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє: неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° +пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ - пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" --> +<h2>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє: неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° +пÑогÑаммÑ</h2> +<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен<br />ÐпеÑвÑе опÑбликовано в <a +href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning">“ÐаÑдиан”</a>.</p> + +<p>ÐÑлед за индÑÑÑÑией пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ <a +href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack">давно +пÑедÑгаданнÑе ÑоÑалÑнÑе паÑенÑнÑе войнÑ</a>, коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑвÑÑвовали, +ÐвÑопейÑкий ÑоÑз планиÑÑÐµÑ ÑледоваÑÑ Ñем же кÑÑÑом. Ðогда доклад ХаÑгÑивÑа +пÑизÑвал ÐеликобÑиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ, она Ñже одобÑила +план, коÑоÑÑй, видимо, Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑи паÑенÑÑ Ð² ÐеликобÑиÑании.</p> + +<p>ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они +ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸ на пÑогÑаммнÑе идеи. РазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑивиалÑнÑе +пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеалÑно или небезопаÑно, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑкиваÑÑÑÑ ÑÐºÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ñ +лабиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. См. “ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе +паÑенÑÑ”, “ÐаÑдиан”, 20 иÑÐ½Ñ 2005 года.</p> + +<p>Ркаждой пÑогÑамме комбиниÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ идей; в кÑÑпной пÑогÑамме Ð¸Ñ +ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑи. Ðо недавним оÑенкам Google, в ÑмаÑÑÑоне Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a +href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google"> +250 ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¹</a>. Я ÑÑиÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑо ÑиÑло пÑавдоподобнÑм, +поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо по моей оÑенке 2004 года в опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме GNU/Linux +Ñеализовано около 100 ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¹. (Ðен +РейвиÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑжил, ÑÑо Linux (ÑдÑо) ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ 283 ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸; бÑло +подÑÑиÑано, ÑÑо на ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ ÑоÑÑавлÑло 0,25% Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñей ÑиÑÑемÑ.)</p> + +<p>СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð² СШРпоÑледÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑевиднÑми, но влиÑÑелÑнÑе +многонаÑионалÑнÑе компании долгое вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑодейÑÑвовали ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ +паÑенÑов на пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ. Ð 2005 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐвÑопейÑкий паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ +пÑинÑл во вÑоÑом ÑÑении диÑекÑивÑ, пÑедложеннÑÑ ÐвÑопейÑкой комиÑÑией, +ÑзакониваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐеÑед ÑÑим паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñил в нее +попÑавки, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгнÑÑÑ Ñакие паÑенÑÑ, но Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ ÐвÑÐ¾Ð¿Ñ Ð¾Ñменил ÑÑи +попÑавки.</p> + +<p>ТекÑÑ, пÑедÑÑавленнÑй комиÑÑией, напиÑан оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾ÑоÑливо: когда его ÑиÑаÑÑ +пÑоÑÑÑе лÑди, кажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо он запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑо пÑогÑаммнÑе идеи, +поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо он ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑа имелÑÑ ÑизиÑеÑкий +аÑпекÑ. Ðднако он не ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ “изобÑеÑаÑелÑнÑй ÑÑовенє, +Ñаг, коÑоÑÑй ÑоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобное “изобÑеÑение”, бÑл +ÑизиÑеÑким.</p> + +<p>ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо заÑвка на паÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавиÑÑ ÑÑебÑемÑй ÑизиÑеÑкий +аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑÑм Ñпоминанием ÑизиÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑлеменÑов компÑÑÑеÑа, на коÑоÑом бÑÐ´ÐµÑ +вÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамма (пÑоÑеÑÑоÑ, памÑÑÑ, диÑплей и Ñ. д.). ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑого +не поÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедлагаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÑÑовеÑÑенÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐ¸Ñ +ÑизиÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑлеменÑÐ°Ñ , ÑолÑко ÑоÑлаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº на ÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ кÑÑпной +ÑиÑÑемÑ, вклÑÑаÑÑей Ñакже пÑогÑаммÑ. Таким обÑазом можно бÑло Ð±Ñ +запаÑенÑоваÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ. Такой паÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑлÑÑ Ð±Ñ +ÑолÑко на пÑогÑаммÑ, пÑедназнаÑеннÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° компÑÑÑеÑе, но ÑÑо +огÑаниÑение не велико, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ ÐºÑÑпнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑнÑÑ +непÑакÑиÑно.</p> + +<p>ÐоÑное обÑеÑÑвенное движение — пеÑвое в иÑÑоÑии движение, +напÑавленное на Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑбедиÑÑ ÐвÑопейÑкий паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ — пÑивело +к пÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑекÑивÑ. Ðо ÑÑо не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ñбедили Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑламенÑа +оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑоÑÑо поддеÑживаÑÑие Ð¸Ñ ÑилÑ, кажеÑÑÑ, +ÑеÑили в поÑледнÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑбÑоÑиÑÑ Ñвое ÑобÑÑвенное пÑедложение.</p> + +<p>ÐобÑоволÑнÑе акÑивиÑÑÑ ÑазоÑлиÑÑ, дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо биÑва вÑигÑана, но коÑпоÑаÑии +плаÑили Ñвоим полиÑикам, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ пÑодолжали ÑÑо дело. Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ измÑÑлили +дÑÑгой извоÑоÑливÑй меÑод: ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “ÑоÑзнÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов”, +пÑедложеннÑÑ ÐвÑоÑоÑзÑ. Ðогда в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐвÑопейÑкое паÑенÑное +бÑÑо вÑÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑ, он бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑомаÑиÑеÑки дейÑÑвиÑелен в каждом ÑÑаÑÑвÑÑÑем +гоÑÑдаÑÑÑве, ÑÑо в данном ÑлÑÑае ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑ ÐвÑоÑоÑз, кÑоме ÐÑпании и +ÐÑалии.</p> + +<p>Ðак ÑÑо повлиÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммнÑе паÑенÑÑ? ÐÑевидно, либо ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ +паÑенÑов бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ, либо неÑ. ÐÑли она бÑÐ´ÐµÑ +допÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ , Ñо Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑана не ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑамоÑÑоÑÑелÑно избежаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ . ÐÑо +бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ Ð¾, но ÑÑо, еÑли ÑÑа ÑиÑÑема оÑкажеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ? +ÐÑо бÑло Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑо — веÑно?</p> + +<p>ÐеÑно — еÑли не ÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ Ñого, ÑÑо план бÑл ÑоÑÑавлен Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ +пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ ÑÑо. ÐеболÑÑаÑ, но кÑиÑиÑеÑки Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ñ Ð² плане +заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо апеллÑÑии пÑоÑив ÑеÑений ÐвÑопейÑкого паÑенÑного бÑÑо +бÑдÑÑ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° оÑновании пÑавил Ñамого ÐвÑопейÑкого паÑенÑного +бÑÑо. Таким обÑазом, бÑÑо могло Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑевки из евÑопейÑÐºÐ¸Ñ +пÑедпÑинимаÑелей и полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов, как ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑаÑÑÑдиÑÑÑ.</p> + +<p>ÐÑÑо кÑовно заинÑеÑеÑовано в ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении паÑенÑов на ÑÑолÑко ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸, +на ÑколÑко ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑолÑко позволÑÑ. ÐÑли внеÑние огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (Ñакие, как +наÑионалÑнÑе ÑÑдÑ) бÑли Ð±Ñ ÑнÑÑÑ, бÑÑо могло Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ +или лÑбÑе дÑÑгие ÑпоÑнÑе ÑазновидноÑÑи паÑенÑов. ÐапÑимеÑ, еÑли оно ÑеÑиÑ, +ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑе Ð³ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑ, как <a +href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml"> +ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑÑо Ñделал апеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд СШÐ</a>, никÑо не ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмениÑÑ +ÑÑо ÑеÑение, кÑоме, возможно, СÑда ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза.</p> + +<p>ФакÑиÑеÑки ÑеÑение бÑÑо о паÑенÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñже пÑинÑÑо, и его можно +наблÑдаÑÑ Ð² дейÑÑвии. ÐÑÑо вÑдало деÑÑÑки ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ, +пÑенебÑÐµÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñом, коÑоÑÑй ÑÑÑедил его. (См. <a +href="http://webshop.ffii.org/">“ÐÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð½ в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе +запаÑенÑован”</a>.) РнаÑÑоÑÑее вÑемÑ, однако, каждое гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво +ÑеÑаеÑ, дейÑÑвиÑелÑÐ½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑи паÑенÑÑ. ÐÑли бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинÑÑа ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ +паÑенÑов и ÐвÑопейÑкое паÑенÑное бÑÑо полÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÑконÑÑолÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ +пÑинимаÑÑ ÑеÑениÑ, ÐвÑопа полÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑнÑе Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑÑиле СШÐ.</p> + +<p>РмаÑÑе СÑд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза поÑÑановил, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов +должна бÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑена Ñвоей ÑÑиÑдикÑией, но неÑÑно, бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ в ÑÑÑ +ÑÑиÑдикÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑов, как “могÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ +пÑогÑаммнÑе идеи бÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованÑ?” ÐеÑÑно ÑÑо поÑомÑ, ÑÑо +непонÑÑно, как ÐвÑопейÑкое паÑенÑное ÑоглаÑение ÑооÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¡Ñдом +ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза.</p> + +<p>ÐÑли СÑд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом, Ñо в ÑÑом плане +не бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñего оÑобо каÑаÑÑÑоÑиÑного. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð² +одном Ñаге Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ. Ðо пÑинÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ñакой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐвÑопе ÑледÑÐµÑ +пеÑепиÑаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ Ð² +безопаÑноÑÑи Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. ÐÑли ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾, Ñо лÑÑÑе вÑего +оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð° вообÑе. ÐезнаÑиÑелÑнÑе ÑпÑоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑоÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ; +гаÑмонизаÑÐ¸Ñ — невеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑелÑ, еÑли ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо дела везде +пойдÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ Ð¾.</p> + +<p>ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво ÐеликобÑиÑании Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ <a +href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf">в декабÑе 2010 года +оно вÑÑазило пожелание</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¡Ñд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не имел пÑиоÑиÑеÑа +над ÑÑой ÑиÑÑемой. ÐоÑлÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво ХаÑгÑивÑа? ÐÐ·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ оно +мнение об ÑÑом плане? ÐÑиÑанÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом.</p> + +<p>ÐодÑобнее о недоÑÑаÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑидиÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÑого плана можно найÑи на <a +href="http://unitary-patent.eu">unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p> + +<p>ÐÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑиÑе, ÑÑо ÑеÑмин “инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” в +ÑÑаÑÑе не ÑпоÑÑеблÑлÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð»Ñждение, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо +он пÑименÑеÑÑÑ Ðº дÑжине не ÑвÑзаннÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом законов. Ðаже еÑли Ð¼Ñ +ÑаÑÑмоÑÑим пÑоÑÑо паÑенÑное пÑаво и авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво, Ñо они наÑÑолÑко +ÑазлиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñвоим ÑÑебованиÑм и ÑезÑлÑÑаÑам, ÑÑо делаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ двÑÑ +ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑегоÑиÑÑ — ÑÑо оÑибка. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ вводиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей в обобÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ +о неÑвÑзаннÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ñ , Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑ ÑеÑмина +“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”, и мне он никогда не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ.</p> + +<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, + all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about + verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking + with the webmasters first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document + and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". --> +<div style="font-size: small;"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.--> + </div> +</div> + +<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" --> +<div id="footer"> + +<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a +href="mailto:g...@gnu.org"><g...@gnu.org></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a +href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом.<br /> +ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾ неÑабоÑаÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ»ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ дÑÑгие попÑавки или +пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a +href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org"><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи Ñм. в <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по +пеÑеводам”</a>.</p> + +<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2011 Free +Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p> + +<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии +Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ — Ðез +пÑоизводнÑÑ Ð¿Ñоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p> + + +<div class="translators-credits"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.--> +<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ +можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о +найденнÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð±ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð² <a +href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов +gnu.org</a>.</em></div> + + + <p><!-- timestamp start --> +Ðбновлено: + +$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:53 $ + +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> + +<!-- <div id="translations"> + --> +<!-- <h4> +Translations of this page</h4> --> +<!-- --> +<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. --> +<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. --> +<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. --> +<!-- If you add a new language here, please --> +<!-- advise web-translat...@gnu.org and add it to --> +<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html --> +<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" --> +<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias --> +<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases --> +<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: --> +<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php --> +<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, --> +<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. --> +<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. --> +<!-- --> +<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': --> +<!-- http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html --> +<!-- --> +<!-- --> +<!-- <gnun> + +<ul class="translations-list"> --> +<!-- English --> +<!-- <li><a --> +<!-- href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">English</a> [en]</li> --> +<!-- French --> +<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> --> +<!-- </ul> +</gnun> --> +<!-- </div> + --> +</div> +</body> +</html> Index: po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html =================================================================== RCS file: po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html diff -N po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html --- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000 +++ po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:58 -0000 1.1 @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> +<title>Europe's “unitary patent” Could Mean Unlimited +Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" --> +<h2>Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited +software patents</h2> +<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a +href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning"> +The Guardian</a></p> + +<p>Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a +href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack">the +long anticipated all-out software patent wars</a> that we have +anticipated, the European Union has a plan to follow the same course. +When the Hargreaves report urged the UK to avoid software patents, the +UK had already approved plan that is likely to impose them on UK.</p> + +<p>Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they +impose monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to +develop nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See +“Software Patents and Literary Patents”, Guardian, June 20, +2005.</p> + +<p>Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands +of them. Google recently estimated there <a +href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google">might +be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure +plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating +system implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the +kernel, had been found by Dan Ravicher to contain 283 such ideas, and +was estimated to be .25% of the whole system at the time.)</p> + +<p>The consequences are becoming manifest now in the US, but multinational +companies have long lobbied to spread software patents around the world. +In 2005, the European Parliament took up the second reading of a +directive that had been proposed by the European Commission to authorize +software patents. The Parliament had previously amended it to reject +them, but the Council of Europe had undone those amendments.</p> + +<p>The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by +laymen, it appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it +required a patent application to have a physical aspect. However, it +did not require the “inventive step”, the advance that +constitutes a patentable “invention”, to be physical.</p> + +<p>This meant that a patent application could present the required physical +aspect just by mentioning the usual physical elements of the computer on +which the program would run (processor, memory, display, etc.). It +would not have to propose any advance in these physical elements, just +cite them as part of the larger system also containing the software. +Any computational idea could be patented this way. Such a patent would +only cover software meant for running on a computer, but that was not +much of a limitation, since it is not practical to run a large program +by hand simulation.</p> + +<p>A massive grass-roots effort—the first one ever directed at +convincing the European Parliament—resulted in defeat of the +directive. But that does not mean we convinced half of Parliament to +reject software patents. Rather, it seems the pro-patent forces decided +at the last minute to junk their own proposal.</p> + +<p>The volunteer activists drifted away, thinking the battle won, but the +corporate lobbyists for software patents were paid to stay on the job. +Now they have contrived another sneaky method: the “unitary +patent” system proposed for the EU. Under this system, if the +European Patent Office issues a patent, it will automatically be valid +in every participating country, which in this case means all of the EU +except for Spain and Italy.</p> + +<p>How would that affect software patents? Evidently, either the unitary +patent system would allow software patents or it wouldn't. If it +allows them, no country will be able to escape them on its own. That +would be bad, but what if the system rejects software patents? Then it +would be good—right?</p> + +<p>Right—except the plan was designed to prevent that. A small but +crucial detail in the plan is that appeals against the EPO's +decisions would be decided based on the EPO's own rules. The EPO +could thus tie European business and computer users in knots to its +heart's content.</p> + +<p>The EPO has a vested interest in extending patents into as many areas of +life as it can get away with. With external limits (such as national +courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other +controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide +that natural genes are patentable, as <a +href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml">a +US appeals court just did</a>, no one could reverse that decision except +perhaps the European Court of Justice.</p> + +<p>In fact, the EPO's decision about software patents has already +been made, and can be seen in action. The EPO has issued tens of +thousands of software patents, in contempt for the treaty that +established it. (See <a href="http://webshop.ffii.org/">“Your web +shop is patented”</a>.) At present, though, each state decides +whether those patents are valid. If the unitary patent system is adopted +and the EPO gets unchecked power to decide, Europe will get US-style +patent wars.</p> + +<p>The European Court of Justice ruled in March that a unitary patent +system would have to be subject to its jurisdiction, but it isn't +clear whether its jurisdiction would include substantive policy +decisions such as “can software ideas be patented?” +That's because it's not clear how the European Patent +Convention relates to the ECJ.</p> + +<p>If the ECJ can decide this, the plan would no longer be certain +disaster. Instead, the ball would be one bounce away from disaster. +Before adopting such a system, Europe should rewrite the plan to make +certain software is safe from patents. If that can't be done, the +next best thing is to reject the plan entirely. Minor simplifications +are not worth a disaster; harmonization is a misguided goal if it means +doing things wrong everywhere.</p> + +<p>The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a +href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf">it stated in +December 2010</a> that it wanted the ECJ not have a say over the system. +Will the government listen to Hargreaves and change its mind about this +plan? Britons must insist on this.</p> + +<p>More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be +found in <a href="http://unitary-patent.eu">unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p> + +<p>You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not +been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is +applied to a dozen unrelated laws. Even if we consider just patent law +and copyright law, they are so different in their requirements and +effects that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely +nothing in this article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading +people to generalize about disparate laws, I never use the term +“intellectual property”, and I never miss it either.</p> + +<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, + all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about + verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking + with the webmasters first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document + and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". --> +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:g...@gnu.org"><g...@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF.<br /> +Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to +<a href="mailto:webmast...@gnu.org"><webmast...@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p>Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +of this article.</p> + +<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> + +<p>Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:58 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> + +<!-- <div id="translations"> --> +<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> --> +<!-- --> +<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. --> +<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. --> +<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. --> +<!-- If you add a new language here, please --> +<!-- advise web-translat...@gnu.org and add it to --> +<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html --> +<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" --> +<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias --> +<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases --> +<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: --> +<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php --> +<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, --> +<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. --> +<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. --> +<!-- --> +<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': --> +<!-- http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html --> +<!-- --> +<!-- --> +<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> --> +<!-- English --> +<!-- <li><a --> +<!-- href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">English</a> [en]</li> --> +<!-- French --> +<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> --> +<!-- </ul> --> +<!-- </div> --> +</div> +</body> +</html>