CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Joerg Kohne <joeko> 11/12/19 18:11:25
Added files:
server/staging/translations: README.translations.html
Log message:
Current proposal (2012-12-16), moved from /de/ repository
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/translations/README.translations.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: README.translations.html
===================================================================
RCS file: README.translations.html
diff -N README.translations.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ README.translations.html 19 Dec 2011 18:11:17 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.63 -->
+<title>Guide to Translating Web Pages on www.gnu.org
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+ <style type="text/css">
+del { background-color:#FFDDDD; margin:0px;}
+ins { background-color:#FFFF66; margin:0px;}
+</style>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/standards/po/README.translations.translist" -->
+<h2 id="guide" class="section">Guide to Translating Web Pages on
+www.gnu.org</h2>
+
+<p>Draft: 2011-11-14 | Last update:
+<!--$date=-->2011-12-16<!--$--></p>
+
+<p><a href="/graphics/atypinggnu.html"><img style="float: right;"
+src="/graphics/gnu-type-sm.jpg" alt="A Typing GNU"
+title="A Typing GNU Hacker" /></a></p>
+<!--h3 id="general">General Guide</h3-->
+
+<h3 id="intro">Introduction</h3>
+
+<p>Translating gnu.org with its many articles and keeping them updated is a
+complex task which requires careful organization. Translators are grouped
+into teams, one for each language, and each team normally has a
+coordinator. However, there are some languages for which no team has been
+formed yet, and sometimes a team lacks a coordinator.</p>
+
+<p>Team Coordinators use software tools to update pages efficiently for
+partial changes. One of these tools is a program called <strong>GNUnited
+Nations</strong> (GNUN) that makes it very easy to maintain and keep track
+of translations that need to be updated; it was developed ad hoc by our
+current GNU Translations Manager Yavor Doganov.</p>
+
+<p>The Translations Manager is the person in charge of the overall
+organization of teams and is generally involved in training new Team
+Coordinators.</p>
+
+<p>As a Team Member, you can contribute to translations without knowing
+anything about GNUN, but you can help at more levels if you know how to use
+it.</p>
+
+<h3 id="who">Who can help</h3>
+
+<p>All teams are always looking for new volunteers. Basically, there is a
+task for everyone in the translation process: we need people with good
+language skills, as well as people with good technical skills or willing to
+learn some simple technical skills.</p>
+<ul>
+ <li><p>If you have a deep understanding of written English and a rich
+ command of your native language, you can certainly engage in
+ translation, or do proof-reading. Writing good English is not
+ necessary.</p></li>
+ <li><p>If your understanding of English is not first class, or if you don't
+ know English at all but have a good mastery of your mother tongue, you
+ can help review other people's translations to make sure they read well
+ and have a good style.</p></li>
+ <li><p>If you are a native English speaker, and you can read another
+ language, even if not quickly and easily, you can still help improve
+ translations in that language. Translators sometimes misunderstand
+ English idioms and expressions and write translations that are
+ misleading or even incorrect. These errors are obvious to the native
+ English speaker—you can indicate possible errors and explain the
+ intended meaning, and others can retranslate that part.</p></li>
+ <li><p>If you are inclined or willing to go for the more technical side of
+ the translation process, you can help further; for example, by
+ preparing translated texts for publication.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="how">How to Participate</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>As a Team Member</dt>
+ <dd>Please read the <a href="#general-guide">General Guide for
+ Translations</a> below and then contact the relevant <a
+ href="#teams">translation team</a>. Each team has its own system of
+ organizing the work. Thus, to join an existing team, you need to get
+ detailed information from that team. The Team Coordinator will be
+ able to guide you through their specific methods. If you don't get an
+ answer from the team in two weeks, write to the Translations Manager
+ <a
+
href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>As an Occasional Contributor</dt>
+ <dd>If you just want to submit a new translation and are not interested
+ in collaborating regularly, follow the <a
+ href="#general-guide">General Guide for Translations</a> below and
+ then send your translation to the appropriate <a href="#teams">Team
+ Coordinator</a> if there is one, or to the Translations Manager <a
+ href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>
+ if there is no team or coordinator for your language.</dd>
+ <dt>As a Team Coordinator</dt>
+ <dd>If you would like to form a new team or become a Team Coordinator,
+ please read this entire page and then get in touch with the
+ Translations Manager <a
+
href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h3 id="general-guide">General Guide for Translations</h3>
+
+<p>Here are our specific goals for our translated pages.</p>
+
+<h4 id="accuracy">Accuracy</h4>
+
+<p>In order to produce a translation which is accurate and faithful to the
+original, you need to be familiar with the basic concepts of the GNU
+Project and the specific terminology used in gnu.org:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>“Copyleft” is a term that can be difficult to translate in
+ some languages. It is a pun on the word “Copyright” based on
the
+ two meanings of “right”: ethical and directional. You can read
the
+ article <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">What is Copyleft?</a> to
+ learn more about it and see how it has been translated into other
+ languages. You will see that in most cases it has not been translated
+ at all, so if you can't find a good translation for it in your
+ language, the only option may be to use the English word.</p></li>
+ <li><p>See the <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations of
+ the Term “Free Software”</a> in several languages.</p></li>
+ <li><p>You can learn more about specific terms and the GNU philosophy by
+ reading some articles such as the following, among others that you may
+ find useful:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">What is Free Software?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free and
+ Nonfree Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Words to Avoid</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">What's in a Name?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Open
+ Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>When translating “GNU's Not Unix”, please ensure that the
+ translation remains recursive. If a recursive translation cannot be
+ conceived, use the following format (this is an example for Swedish):
+ “GNU's Not Unix (<span xml:lang="sv" lang="sv">GNU är inte
+ Unix</span>)”.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="translators-manual">Translators Manual</h4>
+
+<p>You may also want to read the <a
+href="/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/">GNU Web Translators
+Manual</a> if you wish to have a better understanding of how our
+translation system works. But please talk to the team first; most probably
+you will not be required to read it in order to start helping.</p>
+
+<h4 id="what">What to Translate</h4>
+
+<p>All essays and articles in the following directories should be
+translated in all available languages, but you should first browse our <a
+href="/server/standards/translations/priorities.html">Web Translation
+Priorities</a>:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li><code>copyleft/</code></li>
+ <li><code>education/</code></li>
+ <li><code>gnu/</code></li>
+ <li><code>licenses/</code></li>
+ <li><code>philosophy/</code></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Again, please coordinate with your language team before starting any
+work, to get clear instructions on how to proceed and to avoid duplicating
+efforts.</p>
+
+<p><em><strong>Note:</strong></em> The material in the
+<code>software/</code> directory pertains to individual GNU packages. If
+you would like to translate something in that directory, please talk with
+the maintainers of the package to see what they would like to do.</p>
+
+<h3 id="coordinator-guide">Guide for Team Coordinators</h3>
+
+<p><em>If there is no team established for your language or a new Team
+Coordinator is needed, we will be grateful if you undertake that task. To
+volunteer, write to the Translations Manager <a
+href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>,
+but please first read the following explanation of what a Team Coordinator
+does specifically, apart from what has been described in the General
+Guide.</em></p>
+
+<p>[option 1:]</p>
+<p>If there is no team established for your language or a new Team
+Coordinator is needed, we will be grateful if you undertake that task. <ins>To
+volunteer, please first read the Guide for Team Coordinators in addition
+to the General Guide. If you are interested, write to the Translations Manager
<a
+href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>.
+</ins></p>
+
+<p>[option 2:]</p>
+<p><ins>For the case there</ins>[If there]<ins> is no team established for
+your language or a new Team Coordinator is needed, you will be welcome to
+undertake that task. To volunteer, please first read the following
+explanation[statement], in addition to the General Guide.</ins></p>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>First, let's look at the tools that we use in our website to process
+ translations and to keep them updated.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="tools">Tools to Help Translators</h4>
+
+<p>We use .po (Portable Object) files to process and maintain translations.
+A .po file contains the original text and its translation, divided in
+paragraphs. We do it this way so that, when there is a change in the
+English version of a page, our system will generate an updated .po file
+showing the strings that have changed. The translator then updates the
+translation of those strings.</p>
+
+<p>To edit a .po file, use <a href="/software/emacs/">GNU Emacs</a> (install
+<em>gettext-el</em> to automatically switch to PO mode) or any .po file
+editor.</p>
+
+<p>How is the .po file used? GNUnited Nations (GNUN), a build system for
+www.gnu.org translations, generates a .pot file (.po template) of an
+original HTML article; whenever there is a change in the original article,
+the .pot file is regenerated to merge the changes. Finally, it regenerates
+the translations in HTML format. For further information see <a
+href="/software/gnun/">GNUnited Nations (GNUN)</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="keeping-current">Keeping Translations Current</h4>
+
+<p>For all translations to be kept current, if you decide to become a Team
+Coordinator, you should subscribe to the <a
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/www-commits";>www-commits</a>
+mailing list. Then you will be sent one email for each page that is
+modified in <em>CVS</em> (for the www module). The traffic is around 4-5
+mails per day, more on weekends. It's suggested that you burst through them
+about once a week to make sure the translations are current. You may also
+use “<em><code>make report TEAM=LANG</code></em>” if you have <a
+href="/software/gnun/">GNUN</a> installed.</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>A coordinator should also read and be well acquainted with the
+ following documentation:</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/">GNU Web Translators
+ Manual</a>.</li>
+ <li><a href="/software/trans-coord/manual/gnun/">GNUnited Nations (GNUN)
+ Manual</a>,</li>
+ <li><a href="/server/standards/readme_index.html">GNU Web Site
+ Guidelines: For Volunteers</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html">GNU Web Site Guidelines:
+ HTML Style Sheet</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>After you have read at least the first two manuals and this entire page,
+please contact the Translations Manager <a
+href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>
+for further assistance.</p>
+
+<h3 id="teams">Translation Teams</h3>
+<span id="TranslationsUnderway"><!--Some docs refer to this anchor--></span>
+
+<p>Volunteers to establish new teams are more than welcome and will be
+assisted during the learning process.</p>
+
+<p>Contact the Translations Manager <a
+href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>
+if you would like to form a new team or become a Team Coordinator and be
+listed as the translation Team Coordinator for your language.</p>
+
+<p>In the following list, the language code is followed by the name of the
+language, and by the name and contact details of the translation Team
+Coordinator.</p>
+<ul>
+ <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical-->
+ <li><code>ar</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/www-ar";>Arabic</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>az</code> - Azerbaijani (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/igrar";>Igrar Huseynov</a> - New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>bg</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-bg";>Bulgarian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/yavor";>Yavor Doganov</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>bn</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-bn";>Bengali</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/suzan";>Khandakar Mujahidul
+ Islam</a> - New coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>ca</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ca";>Catalan</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/puigpe";>Miquel Puigpelat</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>cs</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-cs";>Czech</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>da</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-da";>Danish</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/erikg";>Erik Gravgaard</a> - New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>de</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-de";>German</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/joeko";>Joerg Kohne</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>el</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-el";>Greek</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/gzarkadas";>Georgios Zarkadas</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>eo</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-eo";>Esperanto</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/civodul";>Ludovic Courtès</a> -
+ New coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>es</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-es";>Spanish</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/xavi_";>Xavier Reina</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>fa</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-fa";>Farsi/Persian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/esmaeeli";>Abbas Esmaeeli
+ Some‘eh</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>fi</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-fi";>Finnish</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/solarius";>Ville</a> - New
+ coordinator needed)</li>
+ <li><code>fr</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-fr";>French</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/barbier";>Denis Barbier</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>he</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-he";>Hebrew</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>id</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-id";>Indonesian</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>it</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-it";>Italian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/pescetti";>Andrea Pescetti</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>ja</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ja";>Japanese</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/mhatta";>Masayuki Hatta</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>ko</code> - Korean (Song Chang-hun <a
+ href="mailto:chs...@gnu.org";><chs...@gnu.org></a> - New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>ku</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ku";>Kurdish</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>ml</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ml";>Malayalam</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>nb</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-nb";>Norwegian Bokmål</a>
+ (<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/att";>Andreas Tolfsen</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>nl</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-nl";>Dutch</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/tuijldert";>Tom Uijldert</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>nn</code> - Norwegian Nynorsk (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/att";>Andreas Tolfsen</a>,
+ permanent coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>pl</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-pl";>Polish</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/jsowoc";>Jan Owoc</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>pt</code> - Portuguese (New coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>pt-br</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-pt-br";>Brazilian
+ Portuguese</a> (New coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>ro</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ro";>Romanian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/buzdugan";>Laurentiu Buzdugan</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>ru</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/www-ru";>Russian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/jimcrow";>Anatoly A. Kazantsev</a>,
+ <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/ineiev";>Pavel Kharitonov</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>sk</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/www-sk";>Slovak</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/dominiks";>Dominik Smatana</a> -
+ New coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>sq</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-sq";>Albanian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/beso";>Besnik Bleta</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>sr</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-sr";>Serbian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/Ctpajgep";>Strahinya Radich</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>ta</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ta";>Tamil</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/amachutechie";>Sri Ramadoss</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>th</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-th";>Thai</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>tl</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-tl";>Tagalog</a> (New
+ coordinator needed) </li>
+ <li><code>tr</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-tr";>Turkish</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/exalted";>Ali Servet Dönmez</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>uk</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-uk";>Ukrainian</a> (<a
+ href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/users/sudyr";>Evgeniy Sudyr</a>) </li>
+ <li><code>zh-cn</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn";>Simplified
+ Chinese</a> (<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/monnand";>Nan
+ Deng</a>, <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/zeuux";>Bill Xu</a>,
+ <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/chxiaobin";>Chen Xiaobin</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>zh-tw</code> - <a
+ href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn";>Traditional
+ Chinese</a> (<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/monnand";>Nan
+ Deng</a>, <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/zeuux";>Bill Xu</a>,
+ <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/chxiaobin";>Chen Xiaobin</a>)
+ </li>
+ <li><code>??</code> - Not available? Then this line is reserved for
+ you.</li>
+ <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> <em>English (<code>en</code>)</em> is a special
+ case. The bulk of the site is written in English, which is the de-facto
+ language of the GNU Project. We <em>occasionally</em> need original
+ documents written in other languages translated into English. It is best
+ to notify the team coordinator of your language that you volunteer,
+ because we always contact them first. If there is no team coordinator and
+ you are willing to help with this, please contact <a
+ href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org>
+ </a>.</p>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:g...@gnu.org";><g...@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+href="mailto:web-translat...@gnu.org";><web-translat...@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>
+for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
+article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/19 18:11:17 $
+<!-- timestamp end --></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
