I've read more about properties, so now I understand that there are private
and public properties, but I'm still confused on how to use them
successfully in my WXS file. (FYI, so far, I've just been playing around
with the examples from the  http://www.tramontana.co.hu/wix/ WiX tutorial ,
so if you're curious where certain constructs came from, you can refer to
those examples.) For instance,

<RegistryValue Root="HKCU" Key="Software\[Manufacturer]\[ProductName]"
Type="string" Value="" KeyPath="yes" />

seems to insert the values of Manufacturer and ProductName that I set as the
Manufacturer and Name attributes of the Product tag, respectively. Good.

But if I have a shortcut to the application within the main executable File
tag, like so

<Shortcut Id="MyStartMenu" Directory="ProgramMenuDir" Name="WinForms
[ProductVersion]" WorkingDirectory="INSTALLLOCATION" Advertise="yes" />

The ProductVersion does NOT get replaced by the Version attribute of the
Product tag, even though it's a stated property on 
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa370905.aspx MSDN . Moreover, I
don't understand where the value for the Directory attribute in the shortcut
above gets set. I did use it as the Id attribute of a Directory tag
elsewhere in the WXS file, like so

<Directory Id="ProgramMenuDir" Name="MyApp"> ... </Directory>

but I though that if I wanted to reuse the value of that Id attribute, that
I needed to use an all caps name, as I did for the INSTALLLOCATION value
above (which is the Id of another Directory tag). And, besides, I have
another directory tag

<Directory Id="ProgramMenuFolder" Name="Programs"> ... </Directory>

which seems to point to the MSDN property ProgramMenuFolder, rather than set
it (incidentally this tag wraps the previous Directory tag).

I'm sure these are really basic questions, but for some reason, that big
learning curve that I heard about with regards to WiX is rearing its ugly
head for me. I can't seem to find documentation that explains WiX from start
to finish in way that is clear to me; the MSDN documentation on properties
doesn't clarify how they're used in a WiX-based XML, and I didn't see this
in the  http://wix.sourceforge.net/manual-wix3/main.htm WiX manual . So
links to such docs would be great too.
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