https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqAqhp2uR7k
To my mind, LION 2 - Diamond mining analysis overview, a simple experiment shows how LENR and the pico clusters function as a mechanism that supports the teleportation of energy and the description of mattermatter. In this LENR experiment, All the pico clusters begin as deuterium clusters inside the diamond crystal imperfections. When the LENR reaction begins, the pico clusters in their thousands begin to consume the diamond lattice and eat their way within the diamond building tunnels. Three instances of this transmutation behavior happens with each instance producing a single element of either sulfur, aluminum or silicon. When the LENR reaction is active it is coherent which means that all the pico clusters act as one single entity and share a global energy store. While the pico clusters are moving and eating, diamond vanishes but when the LENR reaction terminates, all the pico clusters leave the same transmuted element, either sulfur, aluminum or silicon at the far end of their respective tunnel. When active, each pico cluster is an identical twin of all the others and do the same thing, they all start moving and they all eat diamond, then they all stop moving when the LENR reaction terminates and then they all leave the same element at the end of their respective tunnel. As explained in the paper "Experimental activation of strong local passive states with quantum information... https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16269"; it is coherence and quantum entanglement that connect all the pico clusters together in a quantum mechanical vacuum based network and allows them to share energy via quantum teleportation of energy. But the LION experiment shows more quantum mechanical behavior not yet recognized by science, it shows that all the pico clusters share matter, the matter that they all transmute as a unified global entity. The paper "First Realization of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware... https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.02666"; predicts that the information about the shared transmuted element would be shared by all the active pico clusters when the LENR reaction was active. What makes all this happen is quantum mechanical coherence of all the pico clusters. Energy and matter teleportation enables the LENR reaction to utilize a global energy store to generate supernova levels of nuclear energy based transmutation of elements, Coherence of the LENR system is why LENR will always produce polarized EMF radiation in the LENR reaction. Like any solid state laser, EMF that such a coherent system produces is always polarized. Teleportation and coherence witnessed in a LENR system as follows: 2021-04-02 17:11 KeithT Dear Andrea, Is the light emitted by the Ecat SKLed polarized? Regards, Keith Thomson. 2021-04-03 08:34 Andrea Rossi KeithT: Yes, Warm Regards, A.R. On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 3:33 PM bobcook39...@hotmail.com < bobcook39...@hotmail.com> wrote: > The text of various papers follows below. These items are froms from the > link: > *https://www.quantamagazine.org/wormhole-experiment-called-into-question-20230323/?mc_cid=b32412d179&mc_eid=1c22739553 > <https://www.quantamagazine.org/wormhole-experiment-called-into-question-20230323/?mc_cid=b32412d179&mc_eid=1c22739553>* > > > > quantum gravity > > Wormhole Experiment Called Into Question > > By > > Charlie Wood > > > > March 23, 2023 > > Last fall, a team of physicists announced that they had teleported a qubit > through a holographic wormhole in a quantum computer. Now another group > suggests that’s not quite what happened. > > 5 > > Read Later > > An illustration of a butterfly falling into a wormhole. > > > > A holographic wormhole would scramble information in one place and > reassemble it in another. The process is not unlike watching a butterfly > being torn apart by a hurricane in Houston, only to see an identical > butterfly pop out of a typhoon in Tokyo. > > > > Myriam Wares for Quanta Magazine > > Introduction > > > > In January 2022, a small team of physicists watched breathlessly as data > streamed out of Google’s quantum computer, Sycamore. A sharp peak indicated > that their experiment had succeeded. They had mixed one unit of quantum > information into what amounted to a wispy cloud of particles and watched it > emerge from a linked cloud. It was like seeing an egg scramble itself in > one bowl and unscramble itself in another. > > > > In several key ways, the event closely resembled a familiar movie > scenario: a spacecraft enters one black hole — apparently going to its doom > — only to pop out of another black hole somewhere else entirely. Wormholes, > as these theoretical pathways are called, are a quintessentially > gravitational phenomenon. There were theoretical reasons to believe that > the qubit had traveled through a quantum system behaving exactly like a > wormhole — a so-called holographic wormhole — and that’s what the > researchers concluded. When it was published in November, the experiment > graced the cover of Nature and was widely covered in the media, including > in this magazine. > > > > Now another group of physicists has analyzed the result and determined > that, while the experiment may have produced something vaguely > wormhole-like, it wasn’t really a holographic wormhole in any meaningful > sense. In light of the new analysis, independent researchers are coming to > doubt that the teleportation experiment has anything to do with gravity > after all. > > > > “I feel that the evidence for a gravitational interpretation is > weakening,” said John Preskill, a theoretical physicist at the California > Institute of Technology who was not involved with either study. > > > > The group did teleport something on the Sycamore chip, however, and they > did it in a way that — at least on the surface — looked more wormhole-like > than anything produced by earlier experiments. The dispute over how to > interpret the experiment springs from rapid developments involving > holography, which functions as a sort of mathematical pair of 3D glasses > that lets physicists view a quantum system as a gravitational one. Studying > wormholes through the gravitational lens has uncovered new ways to teleport > quantum information, raising hopes that such quantum experiments might > someday go in the other direction and probe quantum gravity in the lab. But > the wormhole brouhaha highlights the fact that determining when the > holographic lens works — and therefore whether certain aspects of quantum > gravity might be accessible on quantum computers — may require greater > subtlety than physicists imagined. > > > > When he read the new response, Vincent Su, a physicist at the University > of California, Berkeley who studies wormhole-like teleportation and is not > involved with either group, wondered, “Is quantum gravity in the lab dead?” > > Scrambling Wormholes > > > > Wormholes have long been a fixture of science fiction writers in need of a > mechanism for quickly moving their characters across the vastness of space, > but the wormholes that appeared in Einstein’s theory of gravity initially > seemed extremely improbable, requiring tricky manipulations of space-time > that inevitably led to time-travel paradoxes. That changed in 2016, when > three physicists — Ping Gao and Daniel Jafferis at Harvard University and > Aron Wall, then at the Institute for Advanced Study — found an unexpectedly > simple and paradox-free way to prop open a wormhole with a shock wave of > negative energy. > > How does gravity work in the quantum regime? A holographic duality from > string theory offers a powerful tool for unraveling the mystery. > > > > Video: How does gravity work in the quantum regime? A holographic duality > from string theory offers a powerful tool for unraveling the mystery. > > > > Directed by Emily Driscoll and animated by Jonathan Trueblood for Quanta > Magazine > > Introduction > > > > “It’s quite beautiful. It started the whole thinking in this direction,” > said Hrant Gharibyan, a quantum physicist at Caltech. “There’s a narrow > window that you can throw stuff from the left universe to the right.” > > > > The foundation of the work was one of the hotter trends in modern physics, > holography. > > > > Holography involves the study of profound relationships known as > dualities. On their face, dual systems look completely different. They have > different parts and play by different rules. But if two systems are dual, > every aspect of one system can be precisely related to an element of the > other system. Electric fields are dual to magnetic fields, for instance. A > major finding in modern physics is that dualities also seem to link certain > gravitational systems to quantum systems. > > > > We might consider a collection of interacting particles, for instance, > entirely within the framework of quantum theory. Or, as if by popping on a > pair of 3D glasses, we might see the collection of particles as a black > hole governed by the rules of gravity. Physicists have spent decades > developing mathematical “dictionaries” that let them translate quantum > elements into gravitational elements and vice versa, effectively putting on > and taking off the glasses. They watch how particles, black holes and > wormholes transform as one switches between the two perspectives. > Calculations that are hard to do from one perspective are often easier from > the other. A major hope of the field is to develop the ability to access > the still mysterious rules of quantum gravity by studying better-understood > quantum theories. > > > > But questions abound as to how far the glasses trick will hold. Does every > conceivable quantum theory pop into a gravity theory when viewed > holographically? Can physicists understand gravity in our universe by > finding its better-behaved quantum twin? No one knows. But many theorists > have dedicated their careers to exploring a few well-understood holographic > pairs of theories and are constantly searching for new examples. > > > > Gao, Jafferis and Wall had already suggested in 2016 that passing through > a wormhole (a gravitational enterprise) might have a quantum interpretation > without the 3D glasses: the teleportation of quantum information. A couple > of years later, another team made their speculation concrete. > > A smiling man in front of a chalk board. > > > > Daniel Jafferis, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, helped > develop the wormhole teleportation protocol. He was also one of the leaders > of last year’s wormhole team. > > > > Paul Horowitz > > > > In 2019, Gharibyan and his collaborators translated traversable wormholes > into quantum language, publishing a step-by-step recipe for a peculiar > quantum experiment that showcases the essence of holography. With the 3D > glasses on, you see a wormhole. An object enters one black hole, traverses > a sort of space-time bridge, and exits the other black hole. Take the > glasses off, however, and you see the dual quantum system. Two black holes > become two gigantic clouds of particles. The space-time bridge becomes a > quantum mechanical link known as entanglement. And the act of traveling > through the wormhole becomes an event that appears quite surprising from > the quantum perspective: A particle carrying a qubit, a unit of quantum > information, enters one cloud and becomes scrambled beyond all recognition. > The qubit unscrambles and exits the entangled cloud as another particle — a > development as unexpected as watching a butterfly being torn apart by a > hurricane in Houston, only to see an identical butterfly pop out of a > typhoon in Tokyo. > > > > “Naïvely you’d never guess,” Gharibyan said, “that you could scramble and > unscramble very chaotically, and the information comes out.” > > > > But viewed through a holographic lens, the proceedings make perfect sense. > The entangled clouds of particles are not a literal wormhole in our > universe. But they are dual to a wormhole, meaning that they have a > matching behavior for anything a traversable wormhole can do — including > transporting a qubit. > > > > This is what the team announced in the November Nature paper. They > simulated the behavior of two clouds of entangled particles in a quantum > computer and performed a teleportation that captured the essential aspects > of traversing a wormhole from the holographic perspective. > > > > But that wasn’t the only way to interpret their experiment. > > Not All That Teleports Is Gravity > > > > Over the past few years, researchers made another surprising discovery. > Although they had spotted the scrambling teleportation recipe while using > the gravitational lens, gravity wasn’t always essential. > > > > Gravity scrambles information in a very particular way. In fact, theorists > have argued that black holes must be the most efficient scramblers in > nature. But when Gharibyan and his colleagues used clouds of particles that > scrambled by different quantum rules than gravity, they realized that the > clouds could still teleport by scrambling, albeit less efficiently. And > when they looked at the alternative clouds through a holographic lens, they > saw nothing — no wormholes. > > > > Gharibyan’s group and another team led by Norman Yao at Berkeley put > everything together in a pair of simultaneous papers in 2021. (Yao has > since moved to Harvard.) > > A black and white photo of a man smiling. > > > > Norman Yao, a physicist at Harvard University, led the team that poked > holes in last year’s wormhole paper. > > > > Noah Berger for UC Berkeley > > Introduction > > > > These papers laid out some of the characteristics that seemed to > distinguish gravitational teleportation from teleportation by more vanilla > sorts of scrambling. In particular, they identified a feature of all > quantum systems known as size winding, which can be linked holographically > to the speed of a particle falling through the wormhole. When gravity was > responsible for the scrambling, size winding had a particular mathematical > property and was said to be “perfect” in the systems they studied. That > gave the Nature team a specific signal to hunt for. > > > > “What was predicted in these earlier papers was that size winding is a > holographic signature, almost like a smoking gun,” Su said. > > More Particles, More Problems > > > > Last spring, while the Nature paper was going through the peer-review > process, Su and his collaborators carried out a teleportation-by-scrambling > experiment on two quantum computers, one operated by IBM and another by > Quantinuum. They called their teleportation demo “wormhole-inspired,” since > they knew their quantum model used one of the nongravitational scrambling > recipes. At the time, they suspected that an experimental demonstration of > true gravitational teleportation would take a decade or longer. > > > > To understand why gravitational teleportation is so tough to pull off, it > helps to keep in mind that these quantum computers don’t literally contain > clouds of particles that scramble and unscramble information of their own > accord. Instead, they contain qubits, which are objects that act like > particles (qubits can be made from either literal atoms or artificial > ones). When scientists program the computer, they tell it to make quantum > changes to the qubits according to an energy equation called a Hamiltonian. > The Hamiltonian describes how the qubits change from one moment to the > next. Effectively, this equation lets them customize the laws of quantum > physics for the qubits. As the computer runs, it carries out a sort of > simulation of how real clouds of particles governed by those laws would act. > > > > Here’s the rub: For a definitive showcase of gravitational teleportation, > you need big clouds of particles. How big? The bigger the better. The > theorists had done all the math in the context of essentially infinitely > large clouds. For an experiment, researchers generally agree that 100 > particles per cloud would suffice for indisputable wormhole-behavior to > emerge. > > A gloved hand holding a square wafer. > > > > Last year’s experiment was run on seven qubits of Google’s Sycamore > quantum computing chip. > > > > Peter Kneffel/dpa/Alamy Live News > > Introduction > > > > Yet as the number of particles goes up, the size of the Hamiltonian > explodes. If you’re modeling the particles using one of the more tractable > models of gravity, called the SYK model, your Hamiltonian must reflect the > fact that every member of a group of particles can directly influence every > other member. The Hamiltonian for 100 densely linked particles is an > equation with a staggering 3,921,225 terms. This is far beyond what today’s > quantum computers can simulate with a few dozen qubits. Even if one were > willing to settle for a fuzzy wormhole dual to clouds of just 20 particles, > the Hamiltonian would go on for an overwhelming 4,845 terms. This hurdle > was a key reason why Su’s group thought that a true wormhole simulation was > a decade away. > > > > Then last November, a team of researchers led by Jafferis, Joseph Lykken > of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Maria Spiropulu of Caltech > surprised the community by announcing that they had run a quantum > experiment displaying perfect size winding — the key signature thought to > establish the existence of a gravitational dual, and thus a wormhole — > using just seven particles. Even more surprising, they were able to stuff > the behavior of this seven-particle system into a Hamiltonian with only > five terms. > > A Holographic Wormhole on a Chip > > > > The core of the group’s work was a novel way of pruning many of those > particle-to-particle connections described by the unwieldy SYK Hamiltonian. > Numerous physicists have “sparsified” the SYK model for a given cloud size > by dropping random terms, finding that simpler versions can keep the > holographic properties of the original Hamiltonian. > > > > Instead of deleting connections at random, Jafferis and his collaborators > thought to use machine learning to intelligently prune only the connections > that don’t affect the cloud’s ability to teleport, a simplification > strategy praised by other researchers. > > > > “I thought it was actually very clever,” Gharibyan said. “The > sparsification I thought was a very great insight.” > > > > “It was a good idea,” Preskill said. > > > > The researchers took aim at the 10-particle SYK model, which has a > Hamiltonian of 210 terms. They simulated teleportation between clouds of 10 > particles on a standard computer and designed a machine learning algorithm > to simplify the Hamiltonian as much as possible without breaking its > capacity to teleport. The algorithm returned an extremely sparse > Hamiltonian measuring just five terms that captured teleportation between > two seven-particle clouds. (The machine learning algorithm apparently > decided that three of the particles weren’t meaningfully contributing to > the process.) The equation was simple enough to run on Google’s Sycamore > quantum processor, a notable achievement. > > A cryostat with lots of metal tubes. > > > > Google’s Sycamore quantum processor must be kept just above absolute zero > in a cryostat such as this one. > > > > Google > > > > “It’s cool that they were able to run something on quantum hardware,” Su > said. > > > > The Sycamore experiment confirmed that the Hamiltonian could carry out the > teleportation, just as it had been trained to. But what really excited > researchers was the fact that this gang of qubits also displayed perfect > size winding — the supposed signature of a gravitational dual. Somehow a > toy model of a toy model of a toy model of gravity had managed to maintain > the holographic essence of its grandparent model. The researchers appeared > to have done the equivalent of boiling down a tornado to a handful of > molecules, which, despite being largely unable to interact with each other, > still manage to keep the characteristic funnel shape. > > > > “They had actually a pretty nice way to measure the size winding as well,” > Gharibyan said. “It was pretty exciting.” > > > > Many in the field were struck by just how simple the toy model was. One > group in particular —Yao and his Berkeley colleagues Bryce Kobrin and > Thomas Schuster — started to dig into how such a simple model could > possibly capture the unspeakable chaos of gravity. > > Too Small to Scramble > > > > On February 15, the trio posted the results of their investigation, which > involved analyzing the mathematical properties and behavior of the Nature > team’s simple Hamiltonian. It has not been peer-reviewed. Their main > finding is that the simple model departs from its parent model of gravity > in crucial ways. These differences, the group argues, imply that the > signals the researchers considered hallmarks of gravity no longer apply, > and because of this, the best description of what the Nature team saw is > not gravitational teleportation. > > > > The least gravitational thing about the simplified Hamiltonian is that, > unlike in the original SYK model, the five terms are “fully commuting,” > which means that they don’t have a certain kind of interdependence. > Commutativity makes it much easier to simulate the clouds of particles, but > it implies that the clouds can’t scramble chaotically. Since chaotic > scrambling is considered a defining property of black holes and is an > essential ingredient in gravitational teleportation, experts doubt that > such a simple Hamiltonian could possibly capture complicated wormhole-like > behavior. Put loosely, the system more closely resembles the gentle spiral > of draining bathwater than it does the churning turbulence of Class V river > rapids. > > A blonde woman with glasses in front of a laptop. > > > > Maria Spiropulu, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, > was one of the leaders of last year’s wormhole experiment. > > > > Bongani Mlambo for Quanta Magazine > > Introduction > > > > The researchers also proposed a nongravitational explanation for the > supposed signature of holography, perfect size winding. The five-term > Hamiltonian does have it, but so do other random five-term, commuting > Hamiltonians that they tested. Moreover, when they tried to bump up the > number of particles while keeping the commuting property, the size winding > signal should have strengthened. Instead, it disappeared. The physicists > reached a conclusion that researchers had not previously grasped because no > one had studied such simple models holographically: Many fully commuting, > small Hamiltonians seem to have perfect size winding, even though these > models don’t have gravitational duals. This finding implies that, in small > systems, perfect size winding isn’t a sign of gravity. It’s just a side > effect of the system being small. > > > > Both groups declined to comment while they work out their differences > through peer-reviewed publications. The Yao group has submitted their > analysis to Nature, and the Jafferis, Lykken and Spiropulu group will > likely have a chance to respond. But five independent experts familiar with > holography consulted for this article agreed that the new analysis > seriously challenges the experiment’s gravitational interpretation. > > Holographic Dreams > > > > The holographic future may not be here yet. But physicists in the field > still believe it’s coming, and they say that they’re learning important > lessons from the Sycamore experiment and the ensuing discussion. > > Related: > > > > The Most Famous Paradox in Physics Nears Its End > > Wormholes Reveal a Way to Manipulate Black Hole Information in the Lab > > A Deepening Crisis Forces Physicists to Rethink Structure of Nature’s > Laws > > > > First, they expect that showing successful gravitational teleportation > won’t be as cut and dry as checking the box of perfect size winding. At the > very least, future experiments will also need to prove that their models > preserve the chaotic scrambling of gravity and pass other tests, as > physicists will want to make sure they’re working with a real Category 5 > qubit hurricane and not just a leaf blower. And getting closer to the ideal > benchmark of triple-digit numbers of particles on each side will make a > more convincing case that the experiment is working with billowing clouds > and not questionably thin vapors. > > > > No one expects today’s rudimentary quantum computers to be up to the > challenge of the punishingly long Hamiltonians required to simulate the > real deal. But now is the time to start chiseling away at them bit by bit, > Gharibyan believes, in preparation for the arrival of more capable > machines. He expects that some might try machine learning again, this time > perhaps rewarding the algorithm when it returns chaotically scrambling, > non-commuting Hamiltonians and penalizing it when it doesn’t. Of the > resulting models, any that still have perfect size winding and pass other > checks will become the benchmark models to drive the development of new > quantum hardware. > > > > If quantum computers grow while holographic Hamiltonians shrink, perhaps > they will someday meet in the middle. Then physicists will be able to run > experiments in the lab that reveal the incalculable behavior of their > favorite models of quantum gravity. > > > > “I’m optimistic about where this is going,” Gharibyan said---- > > > > ------ > > > > My recent comments on vortex-l give with the theories presented above; > however , the link fails to connect gravity and magnetic dipole fields with > entangled wuth primary particle spin—energy and angular momentum – > identified by a Hamiltonians equation which described the balance of > potential energy and kinetic energy … > > > > > > Bob Cook > > > > > > > > >
