https://phys.org/news/2017-01-quantum-vacuum-traffic-space.html
This article explains how light can be squeezed rather than just a selected frequency of light. the time/energy uncertainty principle drives the energy way up when the time is compressed or squeezed. here is the associated theory paper https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1611/1611.06773.pdf Subcycle Quantum Electrodynamics C. Riek1 , P. Sulzer1 , M. Seeger1 , A. S. Moskalenko1 , G. Burkard1 , D. V. Seletskiy1 , and A. Leitenstorfer1 1 Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany On Wed, Jan 18, 2017 at 1:14 PM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> wrote: > "Anomalous cooling" is a neglected subject with a contentious history > since it implies that anomalous positive energy is available elsewhere in > the system in which the cooling is seem. One does not expect to see 600 > volts pulsing through a large copper coil at the same time its temperature > drops below ambient, unless there is a corresponding opposing effect of > some kind to balance it out. It is the balancing which is contentious. > > There is a well-known magnetocaloric effect (BTW this was discovered with > nickel), but the thermodynamics are completely explained in the case of > magnetocalorics. In fact, there seem to have been a number of cooling > anomalies in years past which were somewhat tainted by the reputation of > the inventor, no matter how convincing the experiment and that is the case > of Naudin's experiment below. Here is the experiment which was performed > well and has been replicated by several others. It makes no claim for > excess net energy. You may remember this one from almost 20 years back. > > http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/NMac0709.htm > > Anyway - all of the above rambling is a preface to the new study from NIST > which could add a level of understanding of some alternative energy and > LERN experiments past and present. > > http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v541/n7636/full/nature20604.html > > "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed > light" Jeremy B. Clark, et al NIST > Nature 541,191–195 (12 January 2017) > > Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable > physical effects such as Casimir forces and the Lamb shift1. They also > impose an observable limit—known as the quantum backaction limit—on the > lowest temperatures that can be reached using conventional laser cooling > techniques2, 3. As laser cooling experiments continue to bring massive > mechanical systems to unprecedentedly low temperatures4, 5, this seemingly > fundamental limit is increasingly important in the laboratory. Fortunately, > vacuum fluctuations are not immutable and can be ‘squeezed’, reducing > amplitude fluctuations at the expense of phase fluctuations. Here we > propose and experimentally demonstrate that squeezed light can be used to > cool the motion of a macroscopic mechanical object below the quantum > backaction limit. We first cool a microwave cavity optomechanical system > using a coherent state of light to within 15 per cent of this limit. We > then cool the system to more than two decibels below the quantum backaction > limit using a squeezed microwave field generated by a Josephson parametric > amplifier. From heterodyne spectroscopy of the mechanical sidebands, we > measure a minimum thermal occupancy of 0.19 ± 0.01 phonons. With our > technique, even low-frequency mechanical oscillators can in principle be > cooled arbitrarily close to the motional ground state, enabling the > exploration of quantum physics in larger, more massive systems. > >
