First, been there, done that (please read what has been done before giving one of the many canned responses that frequent the archives and this list which I have been loosely monitoring over the last few months and just searched through) Netscape (particularly ver 4.7X in this instance) Can receive mail just fine, cannot send mail. Using vpopmail with mysql on qmail Have tried using % and : in replacement of the @ sign in the [EMAIL PROTECTED] string (a la canned responses) no avail Have tried adding user_pref("mail.allow_at_sign_in_user_name", true); to the prefs.js file for the netscape client (took a while to dig that up) no avail same workstation authenticates this virtual user with same UID and PW in MSOE, MSO, even simple internet mail with old version of win98 (though had to use % sign)... Netscape still refuses to authenticate to send mail. Have plumb run out of help docs, mailing list archives and little dark corners of the internet to search in