Thanks to all for their replies to date. Much appreciated, I'll
respond to some of the points raised. Apologies if I'm asking basic
stuff but still getting my ahead around Tomcat and Apache integration.

On 7 October 2010 18:31, André Warnier wrote:

> Your configuration looks very clean to me (no unnecessary settings etc.),
> which in this case is a plus (a good base to start tuning).
Thank you

> You may want to upgrade Tomcat to the latest version (6.0.29).
Noted

> For example, at the moment these errors happen, what are these Tomcats
> really doing ?
> Are they really busy each processing 200 requests, with 200 threads running
> and actually doing something ? (200 is the default for the "maxThreads"
> attribute of the AJP Connector).
Unfortunately I'm not in a position to conduct realtime monitoring of
the server and Tomcat. Is there a way to log this thread data?

> If yes, then you may just need a leaner application, or a bigger system
> (more RAM, faster CPU), or more systems.  What does the Task Manager tell
> you about the total system load ?
Again, unfortunately not in a position to monitor  in real time.

> If not, and many of these threads are waiting, then you may have an issue
> with a keepAlive that is too long.
> See http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/config/ajp.html, for the
> connectionTimeout and keepAliveTimeout attributes.
Will do

> Whatever you do, first get an idea of the starting situation.  Then modify
> one setting at a time, and observe (and note) the effects.
Sensible advice

Pid wrote:
> OK.  Is there anything else different apart from the Servlet container?
I'm not sure what you mean?

> Why do you have two Tomcat instances?  (It's not a trick question, I'm 
> interested in your reasoning.)
Load balancing. I thought/guessed that two instances would be
sufficent. Perhaps this was incorrect and I need more?

> Was there an attachment I didn't see?
No, all details for .conf files and server.xml was posted inline.

> How many threads & server instances did you have before?
>What were your Java -Xmx etc settings before, and now?
> Are you using an Executor?
I'll have to check, but I think it's safe to say that they are set to
the default values as I don't recall changing anything relating to
them.

> Thread dumps from a maxed out Tomcat will tell you what each Thread is 
> waiting for.  Collect a series of these during high load periods to find
out what's happening.
I'll have to figure out how to do this, but sounds a good idea.

Christopher Schultz wrote
> I think you might want to compare the request processor counts you have for 
> Tomcat versus mod_jk: the default maxThreads for a Tomcat <Connector> is 200, 
> while your MaxClients settings might be different on your Apache httpd 
> configuration.
Excuse my ignorance, but can you clarify where I check these settings?

> I believe that only the Worker MPM is available on Microsoft Windows. Have 
> you explicitly configured an MPM?
Since I don't know what an MPM is I'm going to say no.

> Since you're using Apache 2.x, mod_jk should be able to auto-configure this 
> value for you.
Do I need to set anything to allow this auto config to happen?

> From my reading, you may be limiting yourself to 10 simultaneous connections 
> from Apache httpd to Tomcat, and others will get a 503.
What lead you to that conclusion?

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