When I look at the data of the PDF files with pdfinfo, the converted not_compliant version contains a MetaData stream. But it seems to be wrong.
If I do not execute the setting of the schemas DublinCoreSchema, XMPBasicSchema and AdobePDFSchema, I no longer get the nested error on the console. But then the validation fails due to the missing metadata. I am still looking for the reason for this behaviour. It could also be that the validation causes this error.