While using the mca parameter in a real application I noticed a strange
effect, which took me a while to figure out: It appears that on the
Aries network the accumulate operations are not atomic anymore. I am
attaching a test program that shows the problem: all but one processes
continuously increment a counter while rank 0 is continuously
subtracting a large value and adding it again, eventually checking for
the correct number of increments. Without the mca parameter the test at
the end succeeds as all increments are accounted for:
```
$ mpirun -n 16 -N 1 ./mpi_fetch_op_local_remote
result:15000
```
When setting the mca parameter the test fails with garbage in the result:
```
$ mpirun --mca osc_rdma_acc_single_intrinsic true -n 16 -N 1
./mpi_fetch_op_local_remote
result:25769849013
mpi_fetch_op_local_remote: mpi_fetch_op_local_remote.c:97: main:
Assertion `sum == 1000*(comm_size-1)' failed.
```
All processes perform only MPI_Fetch_and_op in combination with MPI_SUM
so I assume that the test in combination with the mca flag is correct. I
cannot reproduce this issue on our IB cluster.
Is that an issue in Open MPI or is there some problem in the test case
that I am missing?
Thanks in advance,
Joseph
On 11/6/18 1:15 PM, Joseph Schuchart wrote:
Thanks a lot for the quick reply, setting
osc_rdma_acc_single_intrinsic=true does the trick for both shared and
exclusive locks and brings it down to <2us per operation. I hope that
the info key will make it into the next version of the standard, I
certainly have use for it :)
Cheers,
Joseph
On 11/6/18 12:13 PM, Nathan Hjelm via users wrote:
All of this is completely expected. Due to the requirements of the
standard it is difficult to make use of network atomics even for
MPI_Compare_and_swap (MPI_Accumulate and MPI_Get_accumulate spoil the
party). If you want MPI_Fetch_and_op to be fast set this MCA parameter:
osc_rdma_acc_single_intrinsic=true
Shared lock is slower than an exclusive lock because there is an extra
lock step as part of the accumulate (it isn't needed if there is an
exclusive lock). When setting the above parameter you are telling the
implementation that you will only be using a single count and we can
optimize that with the hardware. The RMA working group is working on
an info key that will essentially do the same thing.
Note the above parameter won't help you with IB if you are using UCX
unless you set this (master only right now):
btl_uct_transports=dc_mlx5
btl=self,vader,uct
osc=^ucx
Though there may be a way to get osc/ucx to enable the same sort of
optimization. I don't know.
-Nathan
On Nov 06, 2018, at 09:38 AM, Joseph Schuchart <schuch...@hlrs.de> wrote:
All,
I am currently experimenting with MPI atomic operations and wanted to
share some interesting results I am observing. The numbers below are
measurements from both an IB-based cluster and our Cray XC40. The
benchmarks look like the following snippet:
```
if (rank == 1) {
uint64_t res, val;
for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_REPS; ++i) {
MPI_Fetch_and_op(&val, &res, MPI_UINT32_T, 0, 0, MPI_SUM, win);
MPI_Win_flush(target, win);
}
}
MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
```
Only rank 1 performs atomic operations, rank 0 waits in a barrier (I
have tried to confirm that the operations are done in hardware by
letting rank 0 sleep for a while and ensuring that communication
progresses). Of particular interest for my use-case is fetch_op but I am
including other operations here nevertheless:
* Linux Cluster, IB QDR *
average of 100000 iterations
Exclusive lock, MPI_UINT32_T:
fetch_op: 4.323384us
compare_exchange: 2.035905us
accumulate: 4.326358us
get_accumulate: 4.334831us
Exclusive lock, MPI_UINT64_T:
fetch_op: 2.438080us
compare_exchange: 2.398836us
accumulate: 2.435378us
get_accumulate: 2.448347us
Shared lock, MPI_UINT32_T:
fetch_op: 6.819977us
compare_exchange: 4.551417us
accumulate: 6.807766us
get_accumulate: 6.817602us
Shared lock, MPI_UINT64_T:
fetch_op: 4.954860us
compare_exchange: 2.399373us
accumulate: 4.965702us
get_accumulate: 4.977876us
There are two interesting observations:
a) operations on 64bit operands generally seem to have lower latencies
than operations on 32bit
b) Using an exclusive lock leads to lower latencies
Overall, there is a factor of almost 3 between SharedLock+uint32_t and
ExclusiveLock+uint64_t for fetch_and_op, accumulate, and get_accumulate
(compare_exchange seems to be somewhat of an outlier).
* Cray XC40, Aries *
average of 100000 iterations
Exclusive lock, MPI_UINT32_T:
fetch_op: 2.011794us
compare_exchange: 1.740825us
accumulate: 1.795500us
get_accumulate: 1.985409us
Exclusive lock, MPI_UINT64_T:
fetch_op: 2.017172us
compare_exchange: 1.846202us
accumulate: 1.812578us
get_accumulate: 2.005541us
Shared lock, MPI_UINT32_T:
fetch_op: 5.380455us
compare_exchange: 5.164458us
accumulate: 5.230184us
get_accumulate: 5.399722us
Shared lock, MPI_UINT64_T:
fetch_op: 5.415230us
compare_exchange: 1.855840us
accumulate: 5.212632us
get_accumulate: 5.396110us
The difference between exclusive and shared lock is about the same as
with IB and the latencies for 32bit vs 64bit are roughly the same
(except for compare_exchange, it seems).
So my question is: is this to be expected? Is the higher latency when
using a shared lock caused by an internal lock being acquired because
the hardware operations are not actually atomic?
I'd be grateful for any insight on this.
Cheers,
Joseph
--
Dipl.-Inf. Joseph Schuchart
High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS)
Nobelstr. 19
D-70569 Stuttgart
Tel.: +49(0)711-68565890
Fax: +49(0)711-6856832
E-Mail: schuch...@hlrs.de <mailto:schuch...@hlrs.de>
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#include <mpi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define NUM_ITER 1000
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
void *baseptr;
MPI_Win win;
int comm_size;
int comm_rank;
const int64_t one = 1;
const int64_t mone = -one;
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &comm_size);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &comm_rank);
// a single value that is atomically updated by all processes
int win_size = sizeof(int64_t);
MPI_Info win_info;
MPI_Info_create(&win_info);
MPI_Info_set(win_info, "accumulate_ordering", "none");
MPI_Info_set(win_info, "same_size" , "true");
MPI_Info_set(win_info, "same_disp_unit" , "true");
MPI_Info_set(win_info, "accumulate_ops" , "same_op_no_op");
MPI_Win_allocate(
win_size,
1,
win_info,
MPI_COMM_WORLD,
&baseptr,
&win);
MPI_Info_free(&win_info);
MPI_Win_lock_all(0, win);
memset(baseptr, 0, win_size);
MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
if (comm_rank > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ITER; ++i) {
int64_t result;
// increment by one
MPI_Fetch_and_op(&one, &result, MPI_INT64_T, 0, 0, MPI_SUM, win);
MPI_Win_flush(0, win);
}
// signal completion
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Ibarrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &req);
MPI_Wait(&req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
} else {
int flag;
int64_t sum = 0;
const int64_t neg_value = -((int64_t)UINT32_MAX);
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Ibarrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &req);
do {
int64_t value;
int64_t update = neg_value;
// fetch value and set to large negative value
MPI_Fetch_and_op(&update, &value, MPI_INT64_T, 0, 0, MPI_SUM, win);
MPI_Win_flush(0, win);
//printf("value: %ld\n", value);
// the value should be positive as we have reset it in the previous iteration
// Note: this assert triggers on Cray XC40
//assert(value >= 0);
// reset
update = -neg_value;
MPI_Fetch_and_op(&update, &value, MPI_INT64_T, 0, 0, MPI_SUM, win);
MPI_Win_flush(0, win);
// check for barrier to complete
MPI_Test(&req, &flag, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
} while (flag == 0);
// read the final value
MPI_Fetch_and_op(NULL, &sum, MPI_INT64_T, 0, 0, MPI_NO_OP, win);
MPI_Win_flush(0, win);
printf("result:%ld\n", sum);
assert(sum == NUM_ITER*(comm_size-1));
}
MPI_Win_unlock_all(win);
MPI_Win_free(&win);
MPI_Finalize();
return 0;
}
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