This output might be misleading -- there could be stray control characters 
 such as a <CR> in a configuration file.   Does "locale | cat -v" look
 different?

No, it looks similar.

On the remote, after ssh-ing into the new user,

$ locale > xxx1
locale:  Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale:  Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

$ locale | cat -v > xxx2
locale:  Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale:  Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

$ diff xxx1 xxx2
$

So no, no diff seen.

 ssh can be configured to send the locale settings.   Does the problem
 occur using ssh from different systems/implemenations?

After ssh from openSUSE 15.1:

$ locale
locale:  Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale:  Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8,LANG=en_US.UTF-8
[...]

---

After ssh from an Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS:

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
[...]

All well... ! Surprise. The locale on Ubuntu:

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=C
LC_NUMERIC=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_TIME=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_NAME=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=ro_RO.UTF-8
LC_ALL=

I'm not sure if this ssh exports it's settings.
/etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/ has

[...]
#    SendEnv LANG LC_*
[...]

but I thing the outcommented values are there just to show the defaults.
So these settings should be exported, which they apparently are not.

---

After ssh from a CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core):

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=C
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

All well here too... The locale on CentOS:

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=C
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

So apparently - at least so far - only ssh from SUSE to CentOS fails with this with the existent settings.

Thank you.
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