That is not enough that you have an opening and speed setup for the AT
smsc initialization information. There is a lot more initializations
kannel does.
SMSC_AT init should look like this:
2010-03-21 19:45:23 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: opening device
2010-03-21 19:45:23 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: device opened. Telnet mode = 0
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: device opened
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: Logging in
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: init device
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: speed set to 115200
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> ATZ^M
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT^M
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:24 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT&F^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> ATE0^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- ATE0
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+IFC=2,2^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CPIN?^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CPIN: READY
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CMGF=0^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CSMS=?^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CSMS: (0,1)
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: Phase 2+ is supported
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CSMS=1^M
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CSMS: 1,1,1
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:25 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CNMI=2,1,2,1,0;
+CMEE=2; +CLIP=1; +CSAS; +CGMR^M
2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: --> AT+CPMS="SM"^M
2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- +CPMS: 0,20,0,20,0,20
2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] DEBUG: AT2[t1]: <-- OK
2010-03-21 19:45:26 [28104] [7] INFO: AT2[t1]: AT SMSC successfully opened.
Where [t1] is the smsc_at id
I think you have problems indentifying your modem.
Still, post logs /configs
If with the usb to serial adapter does not work your modem that is a
USB driver problem, not kannel.
Regards
Alvaro
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Envíe y Reciba Datos y mensajes de Texto (SMS) hacia y desde cualquier
celular y Nextel
en el Perú, México y en mas de 180 paises. Use aplicaciones 2 vias via
SMS y GPRS online
Visitenos en www.perusms.NET www.smsglobal.com.mx y
www.pravcom.com
On Sun, Mar 21, 2010 at 4:32 PM, BiffSocko <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I think I actually have the correct modem device. I've moved the GSM modem
> to another computer that has a direct serial connection (no serial to usb
> cable) and using the same configuration file, I am now able to start kannel
> w/out error.
>
> weird.
>
> ok, I can live with just a serial connection, but now I can't send/receive
> to the modem. My kannel log files say the device is opened and set the
> init speed, etc. yet the TC35 light blinks about once a second and is not
> accepting or sending any data. I don't have a log with any errors since
> kannel appears to think everything is working. I know the sim card is good
> because I've had it in a cell phone and was able to send/receive data from
> kannel with it.
>
> any advice would be appreciated.
>
>
> 2010/3/21 Nikos Balkanas <[email protected]>
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> You seem to have the wrong modem device. Go to kannel site and read the
>> latest User's guide about modem initialization (new section just added).
>>
>> BR,
>> Nikos
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: BiffSocko
>> To: Alvaro Cornejo
>> Cc: Nikos Balkanas ; [email protected]
>> Sent: Sunday, March 21, 2010 5:44 PM
>> Subject: Re: The Ol' tc35 GSM Modem
>> as requested, I've changed my config for additional logging. This is now
>> my current configuration:
>>
>> group = core
>> admin-port = 13000
>> smsbox-port = 13001
>> admin-password = bar
>> status-password = foo
>> #admin-deny-ip = ""
>> #admin-allow-ip = ""
>> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log"
>> #log-level = 0
>> box-deny-ip = "*.*.*.*"
>> box-allow-ip = "127.0.0.1"
>> unified-prefix = "+39,0039,39"
>> access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
>> store-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store"
>> #ssl-certkey-file = "mycertandprivkeyfile.pem"
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> # SMSC CONNECTIONS
>> group = smsc
>> smsc = at
>> smsc-id = T35
>> modemtype = siemens_tc35
>> pin = 8508
>> device = /dev/ttyUSB0
>> speed = 9600
>> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/at.log"
>> log-level = 0
>>
>>
>> group = modems
>> id = siemens_tc35
>> name = "Siemens TC35"
>> detect-string = "SIEMENS"
>> detect-string2 = "TC35"
>> init-string = "AT+CNMI=1,2,0,1,1"
>> speed = 19200
>> enable-hwhs = "AT\\Q3"
>> need-sleep = true
>>
>>
>> # SMSBOX SETUP
>> group = smsbox
>> bearerbox-host = localhost
>> sendsms-port = 13013
>> global-sender = 13013
>> log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log"
>> #log-level = 0
>> access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
>>
>>
>>
>> # SEND-SMS USERS
>> group = sendsms-user
>> username = root
>> password = ciccio
>> forced-smsc = T35
>> user-deny-ip = "10.10.10.1"
>> user-allow-ip = "*.*.*.*"
>> #user-deny-ip = ""
>> #user-allow-ip = ""
>>
>>
>> # SERVICES
>> group = sms-service
>> keyword = nop
>> text = "You asked nothing and I did it!"
>>
>>
>> # this service is for Kannel relay testing, when this Kannel
>> # works as relay gateway
>> group = sms-service
>> keyword = relay
>> get-url =
>> "http://localhost:15130/sms?user=kannel&pass=rL4y&from=%p&to=%P&text=%r";;
>> max-messages = 0
>>
>>
>> # there should be default always
>> group = sms-service
>> keyword = default
>> text = "No service specified"
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> the new logfile output was as follows:
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:01 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:01 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet
>> mode = 0
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:02 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:06 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to
>> ATZ, ignoring
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:06 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:10 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT.
>> Trying again
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:10 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT
>> failed
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device
>> failed.
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:14 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect
>> (retrying in 10 seconds).
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:24 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:24 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet
>> mode = 0
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:25 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:29 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to
>> ATZ, ignoring
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:29 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:33 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT.
>> Trying again
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:33 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT
>> failed
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device
>> failed.
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:37 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect
>> (retrying in 10 seconds).
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:47 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:47 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened. Telnet
>> mode = 0
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: device opened
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:48 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> ATZ^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:52 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to
>> ATZ, ignoring
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:52 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:56 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to AT.
>> Trying again
>> 2010-03-21 11:30:56 [24556] [6] DEBUG: AT2[T35]: --> AT^M
>> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send AT
>> failed
>> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of device
>> failed.
>> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device
>> 2010-03-21 11:31:00 [24556] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect
>> (retrying in 10 seconds).
>> ...
>>
>>
>>
>> On Fri, Mar 19, 2010 at 9:15 AM, Alvaro Cornejo <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> To complete what Nikos said
>>>
>>> It is better to add a separate log for the modem. Add an log-file
>>> entry in your smsc_at group with maximum verbosity and post-it
>>>
>>> Regards
>>>
>>> Alvaro
>>>
>>> |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
>>> Envνe y Reciba Datos y mensajes de Texto (SMS) hacia y desde cualquier
>>> celular y Nextel
>>> en el Perϊ, Mιxico y en mas de 180 paises. Use aplicaciones 2 vias via
>>> SMS y GPRS online
>>> Visitenos en www.perusms.NET www.smsglobal.com.mx y
>>> www.pravcom.com
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> 2010/3/19 Nikos Balkanas <[email protected]>:
>>> > Hi,
>>> >
>>> > Please post bb logs for modem initialization at maximum detail.
>>> >
>>> > BR,
>>> > Nikos
>>> >
>>> > ----- Original Message -----
>>> > From: BiffSocko
>>> > To: [email protected]
>>> > Sent: Thursday, March 18, 2010 10:38 PM
>>> > Subject: The Ol' tc35 GSM Modem
>>> > Hi,
>>> > I've been having some difficulties getting my tc35 gsm modem to work
>>> > with
>>> > Kannel. I was hoping to get a bit of guidance.
>>> >
>>> > The TC35 modem is being used with a serial to usb converter cable.
>>> > From my
>>> > /var/log/messages, it appears to be found:
>>> >
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: new full speed USB device
>>> > using
>>> > uhci_hcd and address 3
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: New USB device found,
>>> > idVendor=05ad, idProduct=0fba
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: New USB device strings:
>>> > Mfr=1,
>>> > Product=2, SerialNumber=0
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: Product: USB-Serial
>>> > Controller
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Prolific
>>> > Technology
>>> > Inc.
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: configuration #1 chosen from
>>> > 1
>>> > choice
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: pl2303 2-1:1.0: pl2303 converter
>>> > detected
>>> > Mar 18 12:41:15 localhost kernel: usb 2-1: pl2303 converter now
>>> > attached to
>>> > ttyUSB0
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > These are the messages I get from starting smsbox and bearerbox:
>>> >
>>> > ==================================================
>>> > Starting Bearerbox
>>> > ==================================================
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Debug_lvl = 1, log_file = <none>,
>>> > log_lvl = 0
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] WARNING: DLR: using default 'internal'
>>> > for
>>> > storage type.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: DLR using storage type: internal
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Added logfile
>>> > `/var/log/kannel/kannel.log' with level `0'.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Started access logfile
>>> > `/var/log/kannel/access.log'.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] WARNING: 'store-file' option deprecated,
>>> > please use 'store-location' and 'store-type' instead.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: HTTP: Opening server at port
>>> > 13000.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: BOXC: 'smsbox-max-pending' not
>>> > set,
>>> > using default (100).
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Set SMS resend frequency to 60
>>> > seconds.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: SMS resend retry set to unlimited.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: DLR rerouting for smsc id <T35>
>>> > disabled.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: AT2[T35]: configuration shows
>>> > modemtype
>>> > <siemens_tc35>
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: AT2[T35]: read modem definition
>>> > for
>>> > <Siemens TC35>
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: opening device
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO:
>>> > ----------------------------------------
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Kannel bearerbox II version 1.4.3
>>> > starting
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Loading store file
>>> > `/var/log/kannel/kannel.store'
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Store-file size 0, starting to
>>> > unpack
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: Retrieved 0 messages,
>>> > non-acknowledged
>>> > messages: 0
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:24 [4479] [0] INFO: MAIN: Start-up done, entering
>>> > mainloop
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Logging in
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: init device
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:25 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: speed set to 9600
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > ==================================================
>>> > Starting smsbox
>>> > ==================================================
>>> > [r...@localhost etc]# 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Debug_lvl =
>>> > 1,
>>> > log_file = <none>, log_lvl = 0
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Starting to log to file
>>> > /var/log/kannel/smsbox.log level 0
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Added logfile
>>> > `/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log' with level `0'.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Service global sender set as
>>> > '13013'
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Logging accesses to
>>> > '/var/log/kannel/access.log'.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Started access logfile
>>> > `/var/log/kannel/access.log'.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: HTTP: Opening server at port
>>> > 13013.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Set up send sms service at port
>>> > 13013
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4479] [5] INFO: Client connected from <127.0.0.1>
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:27 [4489] [0] INFO: Connected to bearerbox at
>>> > localhost
>>> > port 13001.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:29 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to
>>> > ATZ,
>>> > ignoring
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:33 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Wrong or no answer to
>>> > AT.
>>> > Trying again
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Second attempt to send
>>> > AT
>>> > failed
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Initialization of
>>> > device
>>> > failed.
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] INFO: AT2[T35]: Closing device
>>> > 2010-03-18 16:30:37 [4479] [6] ERROR: AT2[T35]: Couldn't connect
>>> > (retrying
>>> > in 10 seconds).
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > Here is my Kannel.conf file:
>>> >
>>> > group = core
>>> > admin-port = 13000
>>> > smsbox-port = 13001
>>> > admin-password = bar
>>> > status-password = foo
>>> > #admin-deny-ip = ""
>>> > #admin-allow-ip = ""
>>> > log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log"
>>> > #log-level = 0
>>> > box-deny-ip = "*.*.*.*"
>>> > box-allow-ip = "127.0.0.1"
>>> > unified-prefix = "+39,0039,39"
>>> > access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
>>> > store-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store"
>>> > #ssl-certkey-file = "mycertandprivkeyfile.pem"
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # SMSC CONNECTIONS
>>> > group = smsc
>>> > smsc = at
>>> > smsc-id = T35
>>> > modemtype = siemens_tc35
>>> > pin = 8508
>>> > device = /dev/ttyUSB0
>>> > speed = 9600
>>> >
>>> > group = modems
>>> > id = siemens_tc35
>>> > name = "Siemens TC35"
>>> > detect-string = "SIEMENS"
>>> > detect-string2 = "TC35"
>>> > init-string = "AT+CNMI=1,2,0,1,1"
>>> > speed = 19200
>>> > enable-hwhs = "AT\\Q3"
>>> > need-sleep = true
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # SMSBOX SETUP
>>> > group = smsbox
>>> > bearerbox-host = localhost
>>> > sendsms-port = 13013
>>> > global-sender = 13013
>>> > log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log"
>>> > #log-level = 0
>>> > access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # SEND-SMS USERS
>>> > group = sendsms-user
>>> > username = root
>>> > password = ciccio
>>> > forced-smsc = T35
>>> > user-deny-ip = "10.10.10.1"
>>> > user-allow-ip = "*.*.*.*"
>>> > #user-deny-ip = ""
>>> > #user-allow-ip = ""
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # SERVICES
>>> > group = sms-service
>>> > keyword = nop
>>> > text = "You asked nothing and I did it!"
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # this service is for Kannel relay testing, when this Kannel
>>> > # works as relay gateway
>>> > #group = sms-service
>>> > #keyword = relay
>>> > #get-url =
>>> >
>>> > "http://localhost:15130/sms?user=kannel&pass=rL4y&from=%p&to=%P&text=%r";;
>>> > #max-messages = 0
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > # there should be default always
>>> > group = sms-service
>>> > keyword = default
>>> > text = "No service specified"
>>> >
>>> > Any help would be appreciated.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > --
>>> >
>>> > ==================================================================================
>>> > Tom Murphy (Biff)
>>> >
>>> > "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an
>>> > ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science,
>>> > and
>>> > sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the
>>> > things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic
>>> > evolution."
>>> >
>>> > - Dr. Carl
>>> > Sagan
>>> >
>>> > ==================================================================================
>>> >
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>>
>> ==================================================================================
>> Tom Murphy (Biff)
>>
>> "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an
>> ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science, and
>> sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the
>> things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic
>> evolution."
>>
>> - Dr. Carl Sagan
>>
>> ==================================================================================
>
>
>
> --
> ==================================================================================
> Tom Murphy (Biff)
>
> "The ash of stellar alchemy was now emerging into consciousness. At an
> ever-accelerating pace, it invented writing, cities, art and science, and
> sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some of the
> things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic
> evolution."
>
> - Dr. Carl Sagan
> ==================================================================================
>
