Try this:
1. Include a common JSP page (say like the company logo) in every other JSP 
page (using tiles is perfect) that will check for a user object (say username 
or user credential or something else) in session that is created only on Login.
2. If the object is not found, redirect to the login page.

There can be more streamlined versions of the same logic.

Thanks and Regards,
Thomas Joseph 

Kott Software Pvt. Ltd. | Vallamattom Estate | M.G.Road | Cochin-682015 | India 
www.kottsoftware.com 
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  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Raghuveer 
  To: 'Thomas Joseph' 
  Cc: user@struts.apache.org 
  Sent: Monday, August 07, 2006 10:54 AM
  Subject: RE: Browser History by HTTP-REFERER


  Yes ,I am trying to restrict users only after login.
  Like banking applications
    -----Original Message-----
    From: Thomas Joseph [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
    Sent: Saturday, August 05, 2006 9:53 AM
    To: Struts Users Mailing List; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
    Subject: Re: Browser History by HTTP-REFERER


    Can you please specify in more broad terms, what are you trying to do
  (especially with the referrer code)? Are you trying to restrict user to
  access pages only after login or something like that?

    Thanks and Regards,
    Thomas Joseph

    Kott Software Pvt. Ltd. | Vallamattom Estate | M.G.Road | Cochin-682015 |
  India
    www.kottsoftware.com
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  mail, kindly intimate the author of the mail and delete the same.
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    It doesn't matter how you were, but rather how you are that decides your
  future. A right attitude will get you to Success.
      ----- Original Message -----
      From: Raghuveer


      In my Struts Web application
      i need to restict the user accessing pages from Browser History.
      When i access any page from Browser History i get
      http-referer=null

      So,
      I am checking this by below code on Server side in All my execute method
  in
      Struts Action File .
      if(request.getHeader("REFERER")==null){

      throw new Exception("Invalid operation");
        }

      Is this Correct way of handling ?

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