Just as a test - can you disable/reduce compaction throughput and see if that makes a difference ? Compaction eats a lot of I/O.
From: zod...@fifth-aeon.net [mailto:zod...@fifth-aeon.net] On Behalf Of Jon Scarborough Sent: 22 March 2013 15:01 To: user@cassandra.apache.org; Wei Zhu Subject: Re: High disk I/O during reads Checked tpstats, there are very few dropped messages. Checked histograms. Mostly nothing surprising. The vast majority of rows are small, and most reads only access one or two SSTables. What I did discover is that of our 5 nodes, one is performing well, with disk I/O in the ballprk that seems reasonable. The other 4 nodes are doing roughly 4x the disk i/O per second. Interestingly, the node that is performing well also seems to be servicing about twice the number of reads that the other nodes are. I compared configuration between the node performing well to those that aren't, and so far haven't found any discrepancies. On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 10:43 AM, Wei Zhu <wz1...@yahoo.com<mailto:wz1...@yahoo.com>> wrote: According to your cfstats, read latency is over 100 ms which is really really slow. I am seeing less than 3ms reads for my cluster which is on SSD. Can you also check the nodetool cfhistorgram, it tells you more about the number of SSTable involved and read/write latency. Somtimes average doesn't tell you the whole storey. Also check your nodetool tpstats, are there a lot dropped reads? -Wei ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jon Scarborough" <j...@fifth-aeon.net<mailto:j...@fifth-aeon.net>> To: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> Sent: Friday, March 22, 2013 9:42:34 AM Subject: Re: High disk I/O during reads Key distribution across probably varies a lot from row to row in our case. Most reads would probably only need to look at a few SSTables, a few might need to look at more. I don't yet have a deep understanding of C* internals, but I would imagine even the more expensive use cases would involve something like this: 1) Check the index for each SSTable to determine if part of the row is there. 2) Look at the endpoints of the slice to determine if the data in a particular SSTable is relevant to the query. 3) Read the chunks of those SSTables, working backwards from the end of the slice until enough columns have been read to satisfy the limit clause in the query. So I would have guessed that even the more expensive queries on wide rows typically wouldn't need to read more than a few hundred KB from disk to do all that. Seems like I'm missing something major. Here's the complete CF definition, including compression settings: CREATE COLUMNFAMILY conversation_text_message ( conversation_key bigint PRIMARY KEY ) WITH comment='' AND comparator='CompositeType(org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.DateType,org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.LongType,org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AsciiType,org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AsciiType)' AND read_repair_chance=0.100000 AND gc_grace_seconds=864000 AND default_validation=text AND min_compaction_threshold=4 AND max_compaction_threshold=32 AND replicate_on_write=True AND compaction_strategy_class='SizeTieredCompactionStrategy' AND compression_parameters:sstable_compression='org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.SnappyCompressor'; Much thanks for any additional ideas. -Jon On Fri, Mar 22, 2013 at 8:15 AM, Hiller, Dean < dean.hil...@nrel.gov<mailto:dean.hil...@nrel.gov> > wrote: Did you mean to ask "are 'all' your keys spread across all SSTables"? I am guessing at your intention. I mean I would very well hope my keys are spread across all sstables or otherwise that sstable should not be there as he has no keys in it ;). And I know we had HUGE disk size from the duplication in our sstables on size-tiered compaction....we never ran a major compaction but after we switched to LCS, we went from 300G to some 120G or something like that which was nice. We only have 300 data point posts / second so not an extreme write load on 6 nodes as well though these posts causes read to check authorization and such of our system. Dean From: Kanwar Sangha < kan...@mavenir.com<mailto:kan...@mavenir.com> <mailto: kan...@mavenir.com<mailto:kan...@mavenir.com> >> Reply-To: " user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> <mailto: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> >" < user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> <mailto: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> >> Date: Friday, March 22, 2013 8:38 AM To: " user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> <mailto: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> >" < user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> <mailto: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> >> Subject: RE: High disk I/O during reads Are your Keys spread across all SSTables ? That will cause every sstable read which will increase the I/O. What compaction are you using ? From: zod...@fifth-aeon.net<mailto:zod...@fifth-aeon.net> <mailto: zod...@fifth-aeon.net<mailto:zod...@fifth-aeon.net> > [mailto: zod...@fifth-aeon.net<mailto:zod...@fifth-aeon.net> ] On Behalf Of Jon Scarborough Sent: 21 March 2013 23:00 To: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> <mailto: user@cassandra.apache.org<mailto:user@cassandra.apache.org> > Subject: High disk I/O during reads Hello, We've had a 5-node C* cluster (version 1.1.0) running for several months. Up until now we've mostly been writing data, but now we're starting to service more read traffic. We're seeing far more disk I/O to service these reads than I would have anticipated. The CF being queried consists of chat messages. Each row represents a conversation between two people. Each column represents a message. The column key is composite, consisting of the message date and a few other bits of information. The CF is using compression. The query is looking for a maximum of 50 messages between two dates, in reverse order. Usually the two dates used as endpoints are 30 days ago and the current time. The query in Astyanax looks like this: ColumnList<ConversationTextMessageKey> result = keyspace.prepareQuery(CF_CONVERSATION_TEXT_MESSAGE) .setConsistencyLevel(ConsistencyLevel.CL_QUORUM) .getKey(conversationKey) .withColumnRange( textMessageSerializer.makeEndpoint(endDate, Equality.LESS_THAN).toBytes(), textMessageSerializer.makeEndpoint(startDate, Equality.GREATER_THAN_EQUALS).toBytes(), true, maxMessages) .execute() .getResult(); We're currently servicing around 30 of these queries per second. Here's what the cfstats for the CF look like: Column Family: conversation_text_message SSTable count: 15 Space used (live): 211762982685 Space used (total): 211762982685 Number of Keys (estimate): 330118528 Memtable Columns Count: 68063 Memtable Data Size: 53093938 Memtable Switch Count: 9743 Read Count: 4313344 Read Latency: 118.831 ms. Write Count: 817876950 Write Latency: 0.023 ms. Pending Tasks: 0 Bloom Filter False Postives: 6055 Bloom Filter False Ratio: 0.00260 Bloom Filter Space Used: 686266048 Compacted row minimum size: 87 Compacted row maximum size: 14530764 Compacted row mean size: 1186 On the C* nodes, iostat output like this is typical, and can spike to be much worse: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.91 0.00 2.08 30.66 0.50 64.84 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn xvdap1 0.13 0.00 1.07 0 16 xvdb 474.20 13524.53 25.33 202868 380 xvdc 469.87 13455.73 30.40 201836 456 md0 972.13 26980.27 55.73 404704 836 Any thoughts on what could be causing read I/O to the disk from these queries? Much thanks! -Jon
