Im using Ubuntu 8.04 on 64 bit hosts on rackspace cloud.
Im in the middle of repeating some perf tests, but so far, I get as-good or
slightly better read perf by using standard disk access mode vs mmap. So far
consecutive tests are returning consistent numbers.
Im not sure how to explain it...maybe its an ubuntu 8.04 issue with mmap. Back
when I was using mmap, I was definitely seeing the kswapd0 process start using
cpu as the box ran out of memory, and read performance significantly degraded.
Next, Ill run some tests with mmap_index_only, and Ill test with heavy
concurrent writes as well as reads. Ill let everyone know what I find.
Kyusik Chung
CEO, Discovereads.com
kyu...@discovereads.com
On May 4, 2010, at 12:27 PM, Jonathan Ellis wrote:
> Are you using 32 bit hosts? If not don't be scared of mmap using a
> lot of address space, you have plenty. It won't make you swap more
> than using buffered i/o.
>
> On Tue, May 4, 2010 at 1:57 PM, Ran Tavory <ran...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> I canceled mmap and indeed memory usage is sane again. So far performance
>> hasn't been great, but I'll wait and see.
>> I'm also interested in a way to cap mmap so I can take advantage of it but
>> not swap the host to death...
>>
>> On Tue, May 4, 2010 at 9:38 PM, Kyusik Chung <kyu...@discovereads.com>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> This sounds just like the slowness I was asking about in another thread -
>>> after a lot of reads, the machine uses up all available memory on the box
>>> and then starts swapping.
>>> My understanding was that mmap helps greatly with read and write perf
>>> (until the box starts swapping I guess)...is there any way to use mmap and
>>> cap how much memory it takes up?
>>> What do people use in production? mmap or no mmap?
>>> Thanks!
>>> Kyusik Chung
>>> On May 4, 2010, at 10:11 AM, Schubert Zhang wrote:
>>>
>>> 1. When initially startup your nodes, please plan your InitialToken of
>>> each node evenly.
>>> 2. <DiskAccessMode>standard</DiskAccessMode>
>>>
>>> On Tue, May 4, 2010 at 9:09 PM, Boris Shulman <shulm...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> I think that the extra (more than 4GB) memory usage comes from the
>>>> mmaped io, that is why it happens only for reads.
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, May 4, 2010 at 2:02 PM, Jordan Pittier <jordan.pitt...@gmail.com>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>> I'm facing the same issue with swap. It only occurs when I perform read
>>>>> operations (write are very fast :)). So I can't help you with the
>>>>> memory
>>>>> probleme.
>>>>>
>>>>> But to balance the load evenly between nodes in cluster just manually
>>>>> fix
>>>>> their token.(the "formula" is i * 2^127 / nb_nodes).
>>>>>
>>>>> Jordzn
>>>>>
>>>>> On Tue, May 4, 2010 at 8:20 AM, Ran Tavory <ran...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'm looking into performance issues on a 0.6.1 cluster. I see two
>>>>>> symptoms:
>>>>>> 1. Reads and writes are slow
>>>>>> 2. One of the hosts is doing a lot of GC.
>>>>>> 1 is slow in the sense that in normal state the cluster used to make
>>>>>> around 3-5k read and writes per second (6-10k operations per second),
>>>>>> but
>>>>>> how it's in the order of 200-400 ops per second, sometimes even less.
>>>>>> 2 looks like this:
>>>>>> $ tail -f /outbrain/cassandra/log/system.log
>>>>>> INFO [GC inspection] 2010-05-04 00:42:18,636 GCInspector.java (line
>>>>>> 110)
>>>>>> GC for ParNew: 672 ms, 166482384 reclaimed leaving 2872087208 used;
>>>>>> max is
>>>>>> 4432068608
>>>>>> INFO [GC inspection] 2010-05-04 00:42:28,638 GCInspector.java (line
>>>>>> 110)
>>>>>> GC for ParNew: 498 ms, 166493352 reclaimed leaving 2836049448 used;
>>>>>> max is
>>>>>> 4432068608
>>>>>> INFO [GC inspection] 2010-05-04 00:42:38,640 GCInspector.java (line
>>>>>> 110)
>>>>>> GC for ParNew: 327 ms, 166091528 reclaimed leaving 2796888424 used;
>>>>>> max is
>>>>>> 4432068608
>>>>>> ... and it goes on and on for hours, no stopping...
>>>>>> The cluster is made of 6 hosts, 3 in one DC and 3 in another.
>>>>>> Each host has 8G RAM.
>>>>>> -Xmx=4G
>>>>>> For some reason, the load isn't distributed evenly b/w the hosts,
>>>>>> although
>>>>>> I'm not sure this is the cause for slowness
>>>>>> $ nodetool -h localhost -p 9004 ring
>>>>>> Address Status Load Range
>>>>>> Ring
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 144413773383729447702215082383444206680
>>>>>> 192.168.252.99Up 15.94 GB
>>>>>> 66002764663998929243644931915471302076 |<--|
>>>>>> 192.168.254.57Up 19.84 GB
>>>>>> 81288739225600737067856268063987022738 | ^
>>>>>> 192.168.254.58Up 973.78 MB
>>>>>> 86999744104066390588161689990810839743 v |
>>>>>> 192.168.252.62Up 5.18 GB
>>>>>> 88308919879653155454332084719458267849 | ^
>>>>>> 192.168.254.59Up 10.57 GB
>>>>>> 142482163220375328195837946953175033937 v |
>>>>>> 192.168.252.61Up 11.36 GB
>>>>>> 144413773383729447702215082383444206680 |-->|
>>>>>> The slow host is 192.168.252.61 and it isn't the most loaded one.
>>>>>> The host is waiting a lot on IO and the load average is usually 6-7
>>>>>> $ w
>>>>>> 00:42:56 up 11 days, 13:22, 1 user, load average: 6.21, 5.52, 3.93
>>>>>> $ vmstat 5
>>>>>> procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system--
>>>>>> -----cpu------
>>>>>> r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us
>>>>>> sy id
>>>>>> wa st
>>>>>> 0 8 2147844 45744 1816 4457384 6 5 66 32 5 2 1
>>>>>> 1
>>>>>> 96 2 0
>>>>>> 0 8 2147164 49020 1808 4451596 385 0 2345 58 3372 9957 2
>>>>>> 2
>>>>>> 78 18 0
>>>>>> 0 3 2146432 45704 1812 4453956 342 0 2274 108 3937 10732
>>>>>> 2 2
>>>>>> 78 19 0
>>>>>> 0 1 2146252 44696 1804 4453436 345 164 1939 294 3647 7833 2
>>>>>> 2
>>>>>> 78 18 0
>>>>>> 0 1 2145960 46924 1744 4451260 158 0 2423 122 4354 14597
>>>>>> 2 2
>>>>>> 77 18 0
>>>>>> 7 1 2138344 44676 952 4504148 1722 403 1722 406 1388 439 87
>>>>>> 0
>>>>>> 10 2 0
>>>>>> 7 2 2137248 45652 956 4499436 1384 655 1384 658 1356 392 87
>>>>>> 0
>>>>>> 10 3 0
>>>>>> 7 1 2135976 46764 956 4495020 1366 718 1366 718 1395 380 87
>>>>>> 0
>>>>>> 9 4 0
>>>>>> 0 8 2134484 46964 956 4489420 1673 555 1814 586 1601 215590
>>>>>> 14
>>>>>> 2 68 16 0
>>>>>> 0 1 2135388 47444 972 4488516 785 833 2390 995 3812 8305 2
>>>>>> 2
>>>>>> 77 20 0
>>>>>> 0 10 2135164 45928 980 4488796 788 543 2275 626 36
>>>>>> So, the host is swapping like crazy...
>>>>>> top shows that it's using a lot of memory. As noted before -Xmx=4G and
>>>>>> nothing else seems to be using a lot of memory on the host except for
>>>>>> the
>>>>>> cassandra process, however, of the 8G ram on the host, 92% is used by
>>>>>> cassandra. How's that?
>>>>>> Top shows there's 3.9g Shared and 7.2g Resident and 15.9g Virtual. Why
>>>>>> does it have 15g virtual? And why 7.2 RES? This can explain the
>>>>>> slowness in
>>>>>> swapping.
>>>>>> $ top
>>>>>> PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 20281 cassandr 25 0 15.9g 7.2g 3.9g S 33.3 92.6 175:30.27 java
>>>>>> So, can the total memory be controlled?
>>>>>> Or perhaps I'm looking in the wrong direction...
>>>>>> I've looked at all the cassandra JMX counts and nothing seemed
>>>>>> suspicious
>>>>>> so far. By suspicious i mean a large number of pending tasks - there
>>>>>> were
>>>>>> always very small numbers in each pool.
>>>>>> About read and write latencies, I'm not sure what the normal state is,
>>>>>> but
>>>>>> here's an example of what I see on the problematic host:
>>>>>> #mbean = org.apache.cassandra.service:type=StorageProxy:
>>>>>> RecentReadLatencyMicros = 30105.888180684495;
>>>>>> TotalReadLatencyMicros = 78543052801;
>>>>>> TotalWriteLatencyMicros = 4213118609;
>>>>>> RecentWriteLatencyMicros = 1444.4809201925639;
>>>>>> ReadOperations = 4779553;
>>>>>> RangeOperations = 0;
>>>>>> TotalRangeLatencyMicros = 0;
>>>>>> RecentRangeLatencyMicros = NaN;
>>>>>> WriteOperations = 4740093;
>>>>>> And the only pool that I do see some pending tasks is the
>>>>>> ROW-READ-STAGE,
>>>>>> but it doesn't look like much, usually around 6-8:
>>>>>> #mbean = org.apache.cassandra.concurrent:type=ROW-READ-STAGE:
>>>>>> ActiveCount = 8;
>>>>>> PendingTasks = 8;
>>>>>> CompletedTasks = 5427955;
>>>>>> Any help finding the solution is appreciated, thanks...
>>>>>> Below are a few more JMXes I collected from the system that may be
>>>>>> interesting.
>>>>>> #mbean = java.lang:type=Memory:
>>>>>> Verbose = false;
>>>>>> HeapMemoryUsage = {
>>>>>> committed = 3767279616;
>>>>>> init = 134217728;
>>>>>> max = 4293656576;
>>>>>> used = 1237105080;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> NonHeapMemoryUsage = {
>>>>>> committed = 35061760;
>>>>>> init = 24313856;
>>>>>> max = 138412032;
>>>>>> used = 23151320;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ObjectPendingFinalizationCount = 0;
>>>>>> #mbean = java.lang:name=ParNew,type=GarbageCollector:
>>>>>> LastGcInfo = {
>>>>>> GcThreadCount = 11;
>>>>>> duration = 136;
>>>>>> endTime = 42219272;
>>>>>> id = 11719;
>>>>>> memoryUsageAfterGc = {
>>>>>> ( CMS Perm Gen ) = {
>>>>>> key = CMS Perm Gen;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 29229056;
>>>>>> init = 21757952;
>>>>>> max = 88080384;
>>>>>> used = 17648848;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Code Cache ) = {
>>>>>> key = Code Cache;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 5832704;
>>>>>> init = 2555904;
>>>>>> max = 50331648;
>>>>>> used = 5563520;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( CMS Old Gen ) = {
>>>>>> key = CMS Old Gen;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 3594133504;
>>>>>> init = 112459776;
>>>>>> max = 4120510464;
>>>>>> used = 964565720;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Par Eden Space ) = {
>>>>>> key = Par Eden Space;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 171835392;
>>>>>> init = 21495808;
>>>>>> max = 171835392;
>>>>>> used = 0;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Par Survivor Space ) = {
>>>>>> key = Par Survivor Space;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 1310720;
>>>>>> init = 131072;
>>>>>> max = 1310720;
>>>>>> used = 0;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> memoryUsageBeforeGc = {
>>>>>> ( CMS Perm Gen ) = {
>>>>>> key = CMS Perm Gen;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 29229056;
>>>>>> init = 21757952;
>>>>>> max = 88080384;
>>>>>> used = 17648848;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Code Cache ) = {
>>>>>> key = Code Cache;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 5832704;
>>>>>> init = 2555904;
>>>>>> max = 50331648;
>>>>>> used = 5563520;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( CMS Old Gen ) = {
>>>>>> key = CMS Old Gen;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 3594133504;
>>>>>> init = 112459776;
>>>>>> max = 4120510464;
>>>>>> used = 959221872;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Par Eden Space ) = {
>>>>>> key = Par Eden Space;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 171835392;
>>>>>> init = 21495808;
>>>>>> max = 171835392;
>>>>>> used = 171835392;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> ( Par Survivor Space ) = {
>>>>>> key = Par Survivor Space;
>>>>>> value = {
>>>>>> committed = 1310720;
>>>>>> init = 131072;
>>>>>> max = 1310720;
>>>>>> used = 0;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> startTime = 42219136;
>>>>>> };
>>>>>> CollectionCount = 11720;
>>>>>> CollectionTime = 4561730;
>>>>>> Name = ParNew;
>>>>>> Valid = true;
>>>>>> MemoryPoolNames = [ Par Eden Space, Par Survivor Space ];
>>>>>> #mbean = java.lang:type=OperatingSystem:
>>>>>> MaxFileDescriptorCount = 63536;
>>>>>> OpenFileDescriptorCount = 75;
>>>>>> CommittedVirtualMemorySize = 17787711488;
>>>>>> FreePhysicalMemorySize = 45522944;
>>>>>> FreeSwapSpaceSize = 2123968512;
>>>>>> ProcessCpuTime = 12251460000000;
>>>>>> TotalPhysicalMemorySize = 8364417024;
>>>>>> TotalSwapSpaceSize = 4294959104;
>>>>>> Name = Linux;
>>>>>> AvailableProcessors = 8;
>>>>>> Arch = amd64;
>>>>>> SystemLoadAverage = 4.36;
>>>>>> Version = 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5;
>>>>>> #mbean = java.lang:type=Runtime:
>>>>>> Name = 20...@ob1061.nydc1.outbrain.com;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ClassPath =
>>>>>>
>>>>>> /outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../conf:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../build/classes:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/..
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> /lib/antlr-3.1.3.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/apache-cassandra-0.6.1.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/avro-1.2.0-dev.jar:/outb
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> rain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/clhm-production.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/commons-cli-1.1.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 0.6.1/bin/../lib/commons-codec-1.2.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/com
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> mons-lang-2.4.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/google-collections-1.0.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/hadoop-core-0.20.1.jar:/out
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> brain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/high-scale-lib.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/ivy-2.1.0.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> bin/../lib/jackson-core-asl-1.4.0.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.4.0.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/jline
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -0.9.94.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/json-simple-1.1.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/libthrift-r917130.jar:/outbrain/cassandr
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> a/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/log4j-1.2.14.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib/slf4j-api-1.5.8.jar:/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../lib
>>>>>> /slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> BootClassPath =
>>>>>>
>>>>>> /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/alt-rt.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/resources.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/rt.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/sunrsasign.j
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/jce.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/classes;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> LibraryPath =
>>>>>>
>>>>>> /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_17/jre/../lib/amd64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/lib:/usr/lib;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> VmName = Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> VmVendor = Sun Microsystems Inc.;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> VmVersion = 14.3-b01;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> BootClassPathSupported = true;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> InputArguments = [ -ea, -Xms128M, -Xmx4G, -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=90,
>>>>>> -XX:+AggressiveOpts, -XX:+UseParNewGC, -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC,
>>>>>> -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError,
>>>>>> -XX:SurvivorRatio=128, -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=0,
>>>>>> -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9004,
>>>>>> -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false,
>>>>>> -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -Dstorage-config=/outbrain/cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.6.1/bin/../conf,
>>>>>> -Dcassandra-pidfile=/var/run/cassandra.pid ];
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ManagementSpecVersion = 1.2;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> SpecName = Java Virtual Machine Specification;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> SpecVendor = Sun Microsystems Inc.;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> SpecVersion = 1.0;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> StartTime = 1272911001415;
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Jonathan Ellis
> Project Chair, Apache Cassandra
> co-founder of Riptano, the source for professional Cassandra support
> http://riptano.com
