> Subject: Re: Troubleshooting boot problems
> From: Brian Vaughan <bgvaug...@gmail.com>
> Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2010 07:53:30 -0700
>
> I'd like to see a good overview of Ubuntu's startup process. I just took
> a class on Unix/Linux system administration, and we spent quite some
> time on system startup and shutdown -- but mostly in terms of Sys V init
> scripts and runlevels. I'm clueless about upstart and plymouth.
>
A couple of months ago there was a very good discussion of upstart on
this list (2010-02-24 - 2010-03-05) wherein I expressed some concerns
about tracking event triggers, etc..
I realize everyone is busy with getting Lucid out, but maybe it would be
helpful to go through an example.
Recently I've been trying to find out if there is a canonical (no pun
intended) way of setting up iptables firewall rules on Ubuntu. We have
various (some relatively complicated) iptables scripts that need to be
migrated with newer server installs, and ufw looks too elementary.
Besides, these scripts are already written and debugged -- I just want
to run what we have, but in such a way as work smoothly with recent
ubuntu releases. Currently we have the firewall rules in a "tables"
script in /etc/init.d and then link to it in /etc/rc2.d as per the usual
Debian convention.
One of my colleagues recently rebuilt the mail server using Karmic 9.10,
so I asked him if he was using ufw: "uf what? I'm just running the
tables script after networking is finished." OK, let me see what's
going on:
1.
notice that there is no networking in /etc/rc2.d, so this has been
upstarted.
2.
cd /etc/init, notice that, actually, there is a ufw service:
start on net-device-added INTERFACE=lo
3.
hmmm, is this going to be a problem, given that we have a completely
separate iptables set up? What emits the net-device-added event? When
is this run vis' a vis the /etc/rc2.d scripts?
------------------
(interject a comment from the previous discussion:)
"First is that if the service a job represents emits an event, it uses
the (purely documentation) "emits" stanza in its job file. That way you
can get a rough idea by parsing /etc/init/*.conf
$ grep "emits local-filesystems" /etc/init/*.conf
/etc/init/mountall.conf:emits local-filesystems
So local-filesystems comes from the mountall service."
---------------------
4.
OK,
r...@dell8:/etc/init# grep "emits net-device-added" *
r...@dell8:/etc/init#
r...@dell8:/etc/init# grep net-device-added *
network-interface.conf:start on net-device-added
ufw.conf:start on net-device-added INTERFACE=lo
nothing. Maybe /etc/init/networking.conf emits net-device-added? How
can one find out for sure?
5.
OK, I wonder how/when the legacy /etc/rc2.d scripts get run. Notice
that there is an /etc/init/rc.conf file with
start on runlevel [0123456]
OK, well what service emits a runlevel event?
r...@dell8:/etc/init# grep "emits runlevel" *
r...@dell8:/etc/init#
Again, nothing. Presumably rc-sysinit.conf emits a runlevel event?
Again, how can one find out for sure? In the absence of better
documentation, putting together the pieces of how services are started
can be confusing.
Next, suppose I don't want to run ufw -- what's the procedure for
turning this service off? Deleting the ufw.conf script from /etc/init?
This seems terribly irreversible.
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