So any use of a config file does not actually allowing setting
LANG/LC_ALL for the dpkg-buildpackage invocation. Already in use on my
personal build system is a detailed $HOME/.pbuilderrc config file and
adding LANG/LC_ALL exports to this file did not affect the used locales
for the actual build. When looking at the pbuilder-buildpackage script
LANG/LC_ALL are both explicitly exported as "C" at the beginning of this
main build script. This clearly makes any attempts to set them for the
actual dpkg-buildpackage invocation fail.

Based on the above that is why the solution of adding two new variables
BUILD_LANG and BUILD_LC_ALL was chosen, as these do not then conflict
with the explicit exports in pbuilder-buildpackage. Given that I have
not had time to debug all implications of changing those explicit
exports in the main build script (and what changing them might
potentially break) adding two new distinctly named variables was an easy
and workable solution.

Also, I wouldn't really call this a "wishlist" bug due the fact that
without addressing the issue of the locale exports in the pbuilder
package one way or another it makes it impossible to actually use the
same locale as for all official sbuild Debian and Ubuntu builds. This
seems to be a serious limitation to me actually, as I've stated in the
patch preamble.

Perhaps Jessica's suggestion of simply changing the two explicit exports
in pbuilder-buildpackage to the same as used for official builds (ie. to
"C.UTF-8") is a good one, but that would obviously require debugging the
whole script to prevent possible breakage. In any case, the patched
version that I've uploaded to my Launchpad build-tools PPA
(ppa:savoury1/build-tools) works exactly as intended for anyone who
actually does want a pbuilder that is capable of setting the locale for
the actual build process.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1947424

Title:
  Cannot set pbuilder build locale

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