** Description changed:
[Impact]
After numad is enabled and there are several VMs running on the same
host machine(host kernel version: 4.4.0-72-generic #93), the
softlockup messages can be observed inside the VMs' dmesg.
First, the crashdump was captured when the symptom was observed. At
the first glance, it looks like an IPI lost issue. The numad process
initiates a migration of memory, and as part of this, needs to flush
the TLB cache of another CPU. When the crash dump was taken, that
- other CPU has the TLB flush pending, but not executed.
+ other CPU has the TLB flush pending, but not executed.
The numad kernel task is holding a semaphore lock mmap_sem(for the
VM's memory) to do the migration, and the tasks that actually end up
being blocked are other virtual CPUs for the same VM. These tasks need
to access or make changes to the memory map for the VM because of the
VM page fault, but cannot acquire the semaphore lock.
However, the original thoughts on the root cause (unhandled IPI or csd
lock issue) are incorrect.
+
We originally suspected an issue with a lost IPI (inter processor
interrupt) that performs remote CPU cache flushes during page
migration, or a known issue with the "csd" lock used to synchronize
the remote CPU cache flush. A lost IPI would be a function of the
system firmware or chipset (it is not a CPU issue), but the known csd
- issue is hardware independent.
+ issue is hardware independent.
Gavin created the hotfix kernel with changes in the csd_lock_wait
function that would time out if the unlock never happens (the end
result of either cause), and print messages to the console when that
- timeout occurred. The messages look like:
+ timeout occurred. The messages look like:
csd_lock_wait called %d times
csd: Detected non-responsive CSD lock (#%d) on CPU#%02d, waiting
%Ld.%03Ld secs for CPU#%02d
However, the VMs are still experiencing the hangs, but the
csd_lock_wait timeout is not happening. This suggests that the csd
lock / lost IPI is not the actual cause.
In the crash dump, the numad task has induced a migration, and the
- stack is as follows:
+ stack is as follows:
- #1 [ffff885f8fb4fb78] smp_call_function_many
- #2 [ffff885f8fb4fbc0] native_flush_tlb_others
- #3 [ffff885f8fb4fc08] flush_tlb_page
- #4 [ffff885f8fb4fc30] ptep_clear_flush
- #5 [ffff885f8fb4fc60] try_to_unmap_one
- #6 [ffff885f8fb4fcd0] rmap_walk_ksm
- #7 [ffff885f8fb4fd28] rmap_walk
- #8 [ffff885f8fb4fd80] try_to_unmap
- #9 [ffff885f8fb4fdc8] migrate_pages
- #10 [ffff885f8fb4fe80] do_migrate_pages
+ #1 [ffff885f8fb4fb78] smp_call_function_many
+ #2 [ffff885f8fb4fbc0] native_flush_tlb_others
+ #3 [ffff885f8fb4fc08] flush_tlb_page
+ #4 [ffff885f8fb4fc30] ptep_clear_flush
+ #5 [ffff885f8fb4fc60] try_to_unmap_one
+ #6 [ffff885f8fb4fcd0] rmap_walk_ksm
+ #7 [ffff885f8fb4fd28] rmap_walk
+ #8 [ffff885f8fb4fd80] try_to_unmap
+ #9 [ffff885f8fb4fdc8] migrate_pages
+ #10 [ffff885f8fb4fe80] do_migrate_pages
+
The frame #1 is actually in the csd_lock_wait function mentioned
above, but the compiler has optimized that call and it does not appear
- in the stack.
+ in the stack.
What happens here is that do_migrate_pages (frame #10) acquires the
semaphore that everything else is waiting for (and that eventually
produce the hang warnings), and it holds that semaphore for the
duration of the page migration. This strongly suggests that this
single do_migrate_pages call is taking in excess of 10 seconds, and if
the csd lock is not stuck, then something else within its call path is
- not functioning correctly.
+ not functioning correctly.
We originally suspected that the lost IPI/csd lock hang was
responsible for the hung task timeouts, but in the absence of the csd
- warning messages, the cause presumably lies elsewhere.
+ warning messages, the cause presumably lies elsewhere.
A KSM function appears in frame #6; this is the function that will
- search out the merged pages to handle them for the migration.
+ search out the merged pages to handle them for the migration.
- Gavin have tried to disassemble the code and finally find the
+ Gavin have tried to disassemble the code and finally find the
stable_node->hlist is as long as 2306920 entries:
- rmap_item list(stable_node->hlist):
- stable_node: 0xffff881f836ba000 stable_node->hlist->first = 0xffff883f3e5746b0
+ rmap_item list(stable_node->hlist):
+ stable_node: 0xffff881f836ba000 stable_node->hlist->first =
0xffff883f3e5746b0
- struct hlist_head {
- [0] struct hlist_node *first;
- }
- struct hlist_node {
- [0] struct hlist_node *next;
- [8] struct hlist_node **pprev;
- }
+ struct hlist_head {
+ [0] struct hlist_node *first;
+ }
+ struct hlist_node {
+ [0] struct hlist_node *next;
+ [8] struct hlist_node **pprev;
+ }
crash> list hlist_node.next 0xffff883f3e5746b0 > rmap_item.lst
- $ wc -l rmap_item.lst
+ $ wc -l rmap_item.lst
2306920 rmap_item.lst
This is roughly 9 GB of pages. The theory is that KSM has merged a
very large number of pages that are empty (the value of all locations
in the page are zero).
+ The bug can be observed by the perf flame graph[1]:
+
+ [1]. http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~gavinguo/sf00131845/numa-131845.svg
+
[Fix]
- Andrea Arcangeli already sent out the patch[1] in the 2015/11/10.
+ Andrea Arcangeli already sent out the patch[2] in the 2015/11/10.
Andrew Morton also said he will apply the patch. However, the patch
finally disappears from the mmtom tree in April 2016.
- [1]. [PATCH 1/1] ksm: introduce ksm_max_page_sharing per page
- deduplication limit
- http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg96866.html
+ [2]. [PATCH 1/1] ksm: introduce ksm_max_page_sharing per page
+ deduplication limit
+ http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg96866.html
[Test Case]
- The patch has been tested.
+ The patch has been tested with 9 VMs and each has 32GB ram and 16 CPUs.
+ Numad/KSM are also enabled in the machine. After running for almost 2
+ days, the system is stable and unstable CPU loading cannot be
+ observed inside the virtual appliances monitor[3]. The numad cpu
+ utilization rate is normal and guest hang also cannot be observed.
+
+ Machine type: Dell PowerEdge R920
+ Memory: 528GB with 4 NUMA nodes
+ CPU: 120 cores
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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1680513
Title:
Migrating KSM page causes the VM lock up as the KSM page merging list
is too large
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