Try df -i.  You might have run out of inodes if you're using ext4, where
you have to allocate space for inodes at FS creation time.  This
happened to me when upgrading 12.04 to 14.04.  I got a no space left on
device error while a postinst script was running for something.  I'm
still worried I might not have reinstalled all affected packages :/

peter@tesla:~$ df -ih
Filesystem     Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1        428K  321K  108K   75% /
...
/dev/sdb3         50M  359K   50M    1% /var/tmp

 I use xfs for most of my filesystems, but ext4 for my / and /home.
Removing a couple -docs packages that had tens of thousands of files
each, and some old kernel modules / headers packages, freed up 100k
inodes.  (It used to be slightly inconvenient to get grub to boot from
xfs, compared to other filesystems.  I could probably just use xfs for
everything now, esp. with XFS's  performance improvements in the past
few years to metadata-heavy workloads, like creating / deleting lots of
small files.)

 ubuntu-docs is really a big offender for inode consumption, with massive 
amounts of files and symlinks like
/usr/share/help/C/ubuntu-help/clock.page
Every symlink is a separate inode, unlike hardlinks.  (not that I'm suggesting 
packages should install hardlinks, just that using the FS as a database has its 
downsides, esp. in packages installed by default.)

 Luckily for me, English is my native language, and I don't think I ever
looked at any of the locally-installed Ubuntu docs, so I can just remove
as many internationalization packages as possible to minimize space
usage and the amount of stuff that gets downloaded / updated.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1246651

Title:
  lubuntu 13.10 failed - no space left on device

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